Editing List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

This list contains definitions for [[Orbiter]] or important [[spaceflight]] acronyms or abbreviations, especially those appearing in [[MFD|MFDs]] and various [[HUD]] modes.

One entry in this list consists of a term with one or more definitions, like:

;Term:Definition
<pre>
;Term:Definition
</pre>

Don't use links in the term part of a entry, please do so in the definition part, for keeping a consistent look-and-feel and don't putting to much emphasis on a single definition.

Terms without definitions will get moved to the talk page into the section "Wanted definitions". If you have multiple definitions for a term, the definition part should turn into a numbered list, like:
;Term:
#Definition 1
#Definition 2
#Definition 3

<pre>
;Term:
#Definition 1
#Definition 2
#Definition 3
</pre>

The order of the definitions should be like that:
#Orbiter HUD definitions
#Orbiter MFD definitions
#General Orbiter definitions
#Orbiter [[addon]] definitions
#General spaceflight definitions

If you don't agree to a ordering of definitions, please complain in the [[Talk:List_of_Acronyms_and_Abbreviations|talk]] page about the entry.

==See also==

* [[Russian glossary]]
* [[List of Acronyms and Abbreviations/ISS|List of Acronyms and Abbreviations for the ISS]]

----
{{compactTOC}}

=A=
;AF:
;AgP:[[argument of periapsis]]
;AN:[[ascending node]]
;ApA:[[apoapsis]] altitude
;ApD:[[apoapsis]] distance
;ApR:[[apoapsis]] radius
;ApT:time to [[apoapsis]]
;Alt:[[altitude]]
;AORP:'''A'''utonomous '''O'''rbiter '''R'''apid '''P'''rototype, a system to allow a [[STS|shuttle]] orbiter to land without [[crew]].
;atmo:[[atmosphere]]
;AR:'''a'''cceptance '''r'''eview
;AU:[[astronomical unit]]

=B=
;BMW:'''B'''ate, '''M'''ueller, '''W'''hite - authors of ''Fundamentals of Astrodynamics'' (1971)

=C=
;CaLV:'''Ca'''rgo '''l'''aunch '''v'''ehicle, see [[Ares V]]
;CDI:[[course deviation indicator]]
;CDR:
#commander
#'''c'''ritical '''d'''esign '''r'''eview
;CEV:'''C'''rew '''e'''xpedition '''v'''ehicle, see [[CEV]]
;CFD:computational fluid dynamics
;CLV:'''C'''rew '''l'''aunch '''v'''ehicle, see [[Ares I]]
;COM:communication or communicator
;CTD:[[crash to desktop]]
;CTRL:Control
;CVEL:
#[[closing velocity]]
#'''C'''ommon '''V'''essel '''E'''xtensions '''L'''ight, see [[CVEL]]

=D=
;DN:[[descending node]]
;DDT&E:'''d'''esign, '''d'''evelopment, '''t'''est and '''e'''valuation
;DG:[[Delta-glider]]
;DGIII:[[DeltagliderIII]], a famous enhanced version of the [[Delta-glider]].
;DGIV:[[DeltaGliderIV]], an improved version of the [[DeltaGliderIII]].
;DG4:Orbiter's stock '''DG'''
;DG-S:[[Delta-glider]] equiped with two [[scramjet|scramjets]].
;DIV:[[divergent]], i.e. [[yaw]] [[gimbal]] mode.
;Dir:'''dir'''ection
;Dist:'''dist'''ance
;DLng:longitude difference, as seen on the [[synchronise orbit MFD]]
;DNP:dynamic [[pressure]]
;DNS:atmospheric density
;DPS:'''D'''ata '''P'''rocessing '''S'''ystem. Term describing the general purpose computers and their interfaces onboard various manned spacecraft.
;DST or Dst:distance (to target)
;DTe:time to [[ejection]], as seen on the [[transfer MFD]]
;DTi:time to intercept, as seen on the [[transfer MFD]]
;DTmin:time of arrical difference, as seen on the [[synchronise orbit MFD]]
;Dv:delta [[velocity]], as seen on the [[transfer MFD]], see also [[Delta-V]]

=E=
;Ecc:[[eccentricity]]
;ECL:plane of the [[ecliptic]]
;ECSS:'''e'''uropean '''c'''ooperation for '''s'''pace '''s'''tandardization
;ECLSS:'''E'''nvironmental '''c'''ontrol and '''l'''ife '''s'''upport '''s'''ystem
;EELV:Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle
;ESA:[[European Space Agency]]
;ESAS:[[Exploration Systems Architecture Study]]
;ET:[[external tank]]
;EQU:plane of the [[equator]]
;EVA:'''E'''xtra '''v'''ehicular '''a'''ctivity, see [[EVA]]

=F=
;FGB:Russian abbreviation for Functional Cargo Block. See [[FGB]]
;FoV:field of view, as seen in the [[general information display]]
;FPS:[[frame rate]] (frames per second), as seen in the [[general information display]]

=G=
;g:a unit of acceleration. 1g equals the gravity acceleration on earths surface, 9.81 m/s²
;GL:Used often as vehicle name prefix for a [[Delta-glider]]
;GET:'''G'''round '''E'''lapsed '''T'''ime[http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_00c_Introduction.htm]
;GMT:Greenwich Mean Time.See UT [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time]
;GPS:'''G'''lobal '''P'''ositioning '''S'''ystem
;GS:[[ground speed]]
;GTO:[[GTO|'''g'''eostationary '''t'''ransfer '''o'''rbit]]

=H=
;H:Horizon
;HAC:[[Heading Alignment Cone]]
;HLLV:'''h'''eavy '''l'''ift '''l'''aunch '''v'''ehicle
;HUD:[[heads up display]]
;HSI:[[horizontal situation indicator]]
;HST:[[Hubble Space Telescope]]
;HTO:[[hypothetical transfer orbit]], as seen on the [[transfer MFD]]

=I=
;IAS:indicated air speed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicated_air_speed]
;IDS:[[instrument docking system]]
;ILS:
#[[instrument landing system]]
#'''I'''nternational '''l'''aunch '''s'''ervices, a US-russian joint venture marketing [[Atlas]] and [[Proton]] launches
;Inc:Inclination
;ISP:[[specific impulse]]
;ISS:[[International Space Station]]

=J=
;JD:[[Julian date]]
;JWST:'''J'''ames '''W'''ebb '''S'''pace '''T'''elescope

=K=
;KISS:"Keep it simple, stupid!" Famous engineering dogma.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle] 
;KSC:[[Kennedy Space Center]]

=L=
;LAN:longitude of [[ascending node]] or local-area network
;LCC:
#'''l'''aunch '''c'''ontrol '''c'''enter
#'''l'''ife '''c'''ycle '''c'''ost
;LDEF:[[Long Duration Exposure Facility]]
;LEO:[[Low earth orbit]]
;LOX:Liquid Oxygen
;LPe:longitude of [[periapsis]]

=M=
;m:metre
;M:Mega (SI prefix for 10<sup>6</sup>). Occasionally mass or [[mach]] number
;MCC:
#'''m'''id '''c'''ourse '''c'''orrection
#'''m'''ission '''c'''ontrol '''center'''
;MCC-H:'''m'''ission '''c'''ontrol '''c'''enter '''H'''ouston
;MCC-M:'''m'''ission '''c'''ontrol '''c'''enter '''M'''oscow
;MDR:'''m'''ission '''d'''efinition '''r'''eview
;MECO:'''m'''ain '''e'''ngine '''c'''ut'''o'''ff
;MET:'''M'''ission '''E'''lapsed '''T'''ime[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Elapsed_Time]
;MFD:multifunction display, see [[MFD]]
;MJD:[[modified Julian date]]
;MMOD:'''M'''icro'''m'''eteorites and '''o'''rbital '''d'''ebris
;MMU:'''m'''anned '''m'''aneuvering '''u'''nit, see [[MMU]]
;MnA:[[mean anomaly]]
;MnL:[[mean longitude]]
;MSx:Mission Specialist x
;m/s:meters per second, the SI base unit of [[velocity]]

=N=
;NAV:
#navigation
#[[navigation aid]]

=O=
;OAT:outside air temperature
;Ob:obliquity of ecliptic (tilt of axis of rotation against plane of ecliptic)
;OBS:[[omni bearing selector]]
;OBT:[[orbit]], as seen on the [[orbit MFD]]
;OMS:'''o'''rbital '''m'''aneuvering '''s'''ystem, the 'main engines' of the [[space shuttle]] orbiter
;OS:[[orbital speed]]

=P=
;P:position (sometimes radius) vector, as seen on the [[align orbital plane MFD]]
;p0:atmospheric pressure at sea level
;PAPI:'''P'''recision '''A'''pproach '''P'''ath '''I'''ndicators, lit runway centerline.
;PB:[[Shuttle PB]]
;PDR:'''p'''reliminary '''d'''esign '''r'''eview
;PRR:'''p'''reliminary '''r'''equirements '''r'''eview
;PeA:[[periapsis]] altitude. Altitude of periapsis above the surface of the orbited body
;PeD:[[periapsis]] distance. See PeR. 
;PeR:[[periapsis]] radius. Distance of periapsis from the center of the orbited body
;PG:[[prograde]]
;PLT:Pilot
;PMI:'''P'''rincipal '''m'''oments of '''i'''nertia, see [[PMI]]
;Pos:position
;PRJ:[[projection]], as seen on the [[orbit MFD]]
;PSx:Payload Specialist x

=Q=
;QR: '''q'''ualification '''r'''eview

=R=
;R:
#mean radius
#specific gas constant
;r0:atmospheric density at sea level
;Rad:
#radial distance
#angular unit ''radians''
;RAnm:[[true anomaly]] of reference axis, as seen on the [[synchronise orbit MFD]]
;Rate:rate of change, as seen on the [[align orbital plane MFD]]
;RCS:[[reaction control system]], spacebourne orientation rocket system.
;R&D:'''r'''esearch and '''d'''evelopment
;RDT&E:'''r'''esearch, '''d'''evelopment, '''t'''esting and '''e'''valuation
;RInc:[[relative inclination]], as seen on the [[align orbital plane MFD]]
;RVel:relative [[velocity]]
;RG:[[retrograde]]
;RKA:Russian Space Agency
;RMS:'''R'''emote '''M'''anipulator '''S'''ystem
;RS:Russian-side, used as prefix for orientation when describing ISS components.
;RSLS:'''R'''edundant '''s'''et '''l'''aunch '''s'''equencer, the computer systems responsible for the ignition of the SSMEs in the [[Space Shuttle]] orbiter.
;RTFM:'''R'''ead '''t'''he '''f'''ine (or many other '''f'''-words) '''m'''anual, a typical forum answer for questions already answered extensivly in the manual.
;RTLS:'''R'''eturn '''t'''o '''l'''aunch '''s'''ite, a [[Space Shuttle]] abort mode.

=S=
;SAR:
#'''S'''earch '''a'''nd '''r'''escue.
#'''S'''yntetic '''a'''perture '''r'''adar, a [[radar]] mode used for creating navigation maps or detect slowly moving ground vehicles.
;S/C: [[spacecraft|'''s'''pace'''c'''raft]]
;SDK:Software Development Kit [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDK] 
;SDLV:'''S'''huttle '''D'''erived '''L'''aunch '''V'''ehicle, see [[Ares]]
;SDHLV:'''S'''huttle '''D'''erived '''H'''eavy '''L'''aunch '''V'''ehicle, see [[Ares V]]
;SECO:
#'''S'''econdary '''E'''ngine '''C'''ut'''o'''ff
#'''S'''ustainer '''E'''ngine '''C'''ut'''o'''ff
;Sim:
#simulation time (in seconds), as seen in the [[general information display]]
#a common abbreviation for "simulator"
;SHP:[[ship]], as seen on the [[orbit MFD]]
;Sh-ToR:ship [[time-on-reference]], as seen on the [[synchronise orbit MFD]]
;SLF:shuttle landing facility, see [[Cape Canaveral]]
;SMa:[[semi-major axis]] 
;SSME:Space Shuttle Main Engines [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSME_%28rocket_engine%29]
;SMi:[[semi-minor axis]]
;SRB:'''S'''olid '''R'''ocket '''B'''ooster [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_rocket_booster]
;SRTM:'''S'''huttle '''r'''adar '''t'''opography '''m'''ission, see [[SRTM]].
;SSTO:[[Single_Stage_To_Orbit | Single Stage to Orbit]]
;STOVL:Short take-off, vertical landing. As performed by the DG on full fuel employing hover thrusters during takeoff.
;STP:static [[pressure]] 
;STS:'''s'''pace '''t'''ransportation '''s'''ystem, AKA space shuttle, see [[space transportation system]]

=T=
;Tgt:target, esp. in [[docking]] mode
;Tg-ToR:target [[time-on-reference]], as seen on the [[synchronise orbit MFD]]
;T:orbit period, measured in seconds
;TAS:true air speed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_air_speed]
;TKS:russian spacecraft for the Almaz program, see [[TKS]]
;TLA:Three letter acronym for a '''t'''hree '''l'''etter '''a'''cronym.
;TLE:two-line elements 
;TLe:eject longitude, as seen on the [[transfer MFD]]
;TLi:intercept longitude, as seen on the [[transfer MFD]]
;TLI:Trans Lunar Injection
;Tn:time to node, as seen on the [[align orbital plane MFD]]
;TOFS:tangential offset [[docking MFD]]
;TrA:[[true anomaly]]
;TRK:Track ship, as displayed by [[map MFD]]
;TrL:[[true longitude]]
;TRL:'''t'''echnology '''r'''eadiness '''l'''evel
;Ts:length of siderial day
;Tth:predicted thrust time, as seen on the [[align orbital plane MFD]]
;TVEL:tangential [[velocity]]

=U=
;UMMU:'''U'''niversal '''m'''anned '''m'''aneuvering '''u'''nit, popular add-on, see [[Universal MMU]].
;UNKS:unknown problems, you are aware of.
;UNK-UNKS:unknown problems, you are not aware of.
;UT:'''u'''niversal '''t'''ime, GMT. Not to be confused with [[UTC]] (Universial Time Co-ordinated). The latter is based on atomic clocks not astronomy, hence the occasional ''leap-second'' to correct UTC to GMT.

=V=
;VASI:'''V'''isual '''A'''pproach '''S'''lope '''I'''ndicator, the glideslope lighting system ajacent to runways to guide pilots onto the correct angle of glideslope (normally 3 degrees).
;VC:
#virtual cockpit
#Visual C++, an IDE and C++ compiler by Microsoft. 
;Vel:[[velocity]]
;VOR:[[very high frequency omnidirectional radio]]
;VS:vertical speed
;VTOL:'''V'''ertical '''T'''ake '''O'''ff and '''L'''anding
=W=
;WBS:'''w'''ork '''b'''reakdown '''s'''tructure
;WPD:'''w'''ork '''p'''ackage '''d'''escription
;Wrp:time acceleration factor, seen in the [[general information display]]
=X=
;XPDR:[[transponder]]
=Y=
;YSC:Yokohama Science Center
=Z=
;ZM:zoom, as seen on the [[map MFD]]

{{compactTOC}}