Editing Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter part 2

=== LRO Targeting ===
Wait until the fuel purge happens at 32M above the earth. Switch focus to LRO. Select IMFD in both MFDs.
 In the right MFD, click '''MNU''', '''PG''', and enter '''0'''.
 Click '''Map''', '''TGT''', and enter '''Moon'''.
 Click '''Sel''' until ''Ref Moon'' is displayed in yellow letters.

=== Mid course correction/LRO ===

Switch focus back to LRO.

 Press the '''k''' key to deploy the LRO solar panels
 Once the panels have fully unfolded, and rotated to face the sun,
 press the '''g''' key to deploy the antenna

 In the Left MFD select IMFD, click on '''MNU''' and select '''Map'''.
 Make sure '''TgT''' is '''Moon''', and click '''Sel''' until ''Ref'' is ''Moon''.

Wait until ''PeT'' is about ''350k''<br>
Select IMFD in the Right MFD

 Click on '''MNU''', then '''Course'''. Click '''Nxt''' 4 times until ''Delta Velocity'' is highlighted, then click '''Set'''.
 Click '''Nxt''' 5 times until ''dVf'' is highlighted, click '''Set''' and enter '''0'''.
 Click on '''TgT''' and enter '''Moon'''.
 In the Left MFD, click '''Pg''', then '''Plan''' so that the green line turns blue.
 In the right MFD adjust '''dVp''' and '''dVf''' so that ''RIn'' and ''PeA'' in the left MFD are as close as possible 
 to 90 degrees and 216k respectively
 When these adjustments are finished, click '''PG''','''BV''', then '''AB''' in the right MFD. 
 When the burn completes, click '''Plan''' in the left MFD so the blue line returns to green.

[[Image:Lromid.jpg]] After mid course correction

Repeat these adjustments as necessary as you get closer to the moon.

=== Course correction/LCROSS ===
Switch focus to AV020Centaur. Select TranxX in both left and right MFDs

 In the right MFD, click '''++''' to turn Maneuvre mode ''On''.
 Adjust ''Prograde vel'' and ''Ch. plane vel'' so that on the Left MFD ''R. Inc'' is as close as possible to 0,
 and ''Pe Ratio'' is as close as possible to 1.0
 Click '''VW''' on the right MFD for ''Target view''. Use rotational thrusters to get the cross as close to the
 center of the target as possible. Press '''M''' to enable the dummy main engine, and use the '''numpad-+''' key to
 burn the engine. Reduce the ''Rel V'' to as close to 0 as possible. 

 As an alternative to using the dummy main engine, after the Centaur is targeted with 
 rotational thrusters, you can  rotate the Centaur 180 degrees and use the LCROSS main 
 engine '''numpad--''' (minus) This will provide you with graphics of the engine firing 
 in external view. ('''F1''')

[[Image:Lcrossinc.jpg]] View of what the LCROSS orbit inclination will be after the flyby. Taken after mid course correction.

Repeat these adjustments as necessary as you get closer to the moon.

=== orbit insertion/LRO ===

The LRO main engine is not strong enough to get it into a circular orbit in one try. It will take 4 burns over 12 orbits to achieve the initial 216km x 30km commissioning orbit, with periselene over the South Pole. The first burn is critical in that we must avoid a situation where we are "weakly captured" or not captured at all. The orbit eccentricity at the end of our first burn must be 0.8 or less. 

When LRO's PeT is about 10k, select IMFD in the left MFD, and Orbit MFD in the right. 
 Click on the '''HUD''' button on the right MFD. In the left MFD click '''MNU''', then '''Orbital'''.
 Click '''TgT''', then type '''r'''.
Note that The burn time to a circular orbit is over 4k seconds (over an hour!). Make sure rotational mode is selected.
 At 2k seconds to PeT, select Retrograde mode on the hud. When retrograde attitude  
 is established, de-select retrograde mode.
 Start the engine by pressing '''numpad-+''' and tap the '''CTRL''' key to keep it burning.
Notice that the PeA in the right MFD is decreasing. 
 Use the numpad '''1''' and '''3''' keys to move the attitude closer to what the Orbital IMFD mode 
 thinks it should be until the PeA starts increasing. 
Keep adjusting the attitude between these points to keep the PeA as close as possible to 216km. 
 When the ApA. parameter in the Right MFD is 3160km, press the '''numpad-*''' key to stop the burn.
 The LRO then completes 4 orbits at 3160km x 216km before the next burn,
 you can switch focus to AV020Centaur and enjoy the view as it passes by the moon.
 
After the flyby, switch back to LRO and after 4 orbits, wait until PeT
is 800k. Press the retrograde button, and de-select it when retrograde attitude is achieved. 
 Follow the procedure above to make the second burn,
 keeping PeA as close as possible to 216km, and burn until ApA is 967km.

After another 5 complete orbits at 216km x 967km, make a third burn to circularize your orbit at 216km.

Make a final burn on your next pass over the North Pole to reduce your PeA to 30km near the South Pole.

This is the "frozen" lunar orbit at 216km x 30km, periselene over the South Pole, for the 60-day commissioning phase.

=== LCROSS orbit correction 1 ===
Switch focus back to AV020Centaur and wait until the orbit is farthest from the moon. '''WARNING''' Using High values of time acceleration may cause problems for the LRO orbit. It can even kick it out of lunar orbit. It is best to be patient, and check on LRO's orbit once in a while. If it's orbit
changes significantly due to time acceleration, fix it with scenario editor. It is now necessary to tune IMFD map for maximum accuracy.
 Select IMFD in the left MFD. Click '''MNU''', then '''Map'''. Click '''TgT''' and type '''Moon''', Click '''Cnt''', and type '''Earth'''.
 Click '''MOD''' 3 times. This should give you the Map-config screen. ''Legs/Frame'' should be highlighted. 
 Click '''Set''' and type '''64'''.
 Click '''Nxt''', then '''-''' twice. Click '''Nxt twice again, so that ''Period limit'' is highlighted, and 
 click '''+''' to turn it off.
 Click '''Nxt''' and '''+''' to turn ''Hyper limit'' off. Click '''Nxt''' twice and then '''+''' so that 
 ''Tgt weak Pe'' is set to No.
 Click '''Nxt''' and '''+''' to turn ''One Pe/Ref'' off. Click '''Mod''' again to return to the map display. 
Several orbits should now be shown. Select IMFD in the Right MFD.
 In the right MFD click '''MNU''', then '''Course'''. Select ''Delta Velocity'' mode, then set the target to Moon. 
 Set the ''dVf'' parameter to 0.
 In the left MFD click '''PG''', then '''Plan'''. in the right MFD, adjust '''dVf''' to get the most deflection 
 of the orbit you can when LCROSS intersects the moon in 1.5 orbits. 
 When this is done, click on '''Pg''', then '''BV''', then '''AB'''.
 When the burn is finished, click '''Plan''' in the left MFD to turn the orbit line green again.
==== Alternate procedure ====
Select transx in the right MFD.
 In the right MFD, select target moon and 1.5 orbits to intercept. 
 Change the view to Maneuver, and select Maneuver mode.
 Adjust '''prograde vel''', and '''Ch. Pl vel''' for the minimum closest approach. 
 Select target view and use rotational mode to align the cross with the target. 
 Start the burn and watch the orbit in Map MFD mode in the left MFD. When maximum 
 orbit deflection is reached at the moon intercept point after 1.5 orbits, 
 stop the burn.

=== LCROSS final moon targeting ===
Go around one more orbit of the earth. When we are again at the farthest point in our orbit from the lunar intercept, set IMFD map in the left MFD
and IMFD course in the right MFD.
 In the right MFD set ''target intercept'' mode. Set target to '''Moon'''.
 Adjust the TIn MJD and then TIn parameters for minimum Enroute dV. 
 Change ''Target intercept'' mode to ''Delta Velocity'' mode.
 Click '''Nxt''' 4 times to highlight ''Get Burn'', and click '''+'''.
 In the left MFD click '''Sel''' until ref is ''Moon'' and ''PeA'' is the lowest value. 
 Click '''Pg''', then '''Plan'''.
 In the right MFD adjust the highest value of ''dVf'', ''dVp'', or ''dVo'' to minimize 
 ''PeA'' in the left MFD.
 As the orbit changes, the PeA number may change, so you may have to return to the 
 proper one with the '''Sel''' button once in a while.
 Adjust the next highest value of ''dVf'', ''dVp'', or ''dVo'', and finally adjust 
 the remaining value. 
 When these adjustments are done, click '''Pg''', '''BV''', and '''AB'''.
Note the PeT in the left MFD. We need to make another burn when we are halfway from here to the noon so that we will impact the moon.
This will be at about 850k PeT. Repeat the above procedure until PeA is at least -1M, and hopefully as low as you can get it.

=== LRO Orbit Circularization ===
60 days after your last LRO orbit insertion burn,
switch focus to LRO, and at Perilune over the south pole, burn retrograde until the ApA is 50km.

=== LCROSS Lunar pole targetinjg ===
Switch focus back to AV020Centaur. When the PeT is 130k Set IMFD map in the left MFD and IMFD Base approach in the right MFD.
 In the left MFD set target Moon and center to Self ('''x''')
 Click on '''Sel''' until ''Ref Moon'' is displayed with a negative PeA.
 In the right MFD click '''REF''', and type '''Moon'''. 
 Click '''Nxt''' until ''Hint'' is highlighted. Click '''Set''' and type the value shown for ''PeA'' in the left MFD.
 Click '''Prv''' until ''Lat'' is highlighted. Click '''Set''' and type '''-89.9'''
 Click '''Nxt''', then '''Set''' and set the ''Alt''' to '''0'''.
 Click '''Nxt''', then '''Set''' and set the ''ReA'' (Re-enty Angle) to '''75'''
 Click '''Nxt''', then '''Set''' and set the ''Ant'' parameter to '''0'''
 You may need to reset the ''Hint'' Parameter at this time to the current PeT.
 You may also need to tweak the Lon parameter to get the ''Enroute: dV'' parameter to display.
 Once it is displayed, adjust the ''ReA'' parameter to minimize the dV. 
 It may take several iterations of adjusting ''hint'', ''Lon'', and ''ReA'' to get the dV to a minimum value.
 When a minimum dV value has been reached, click '''PG''', '''BV''', and '''AB'''.
Repeat the above procedure at ''Pet'' of 100k, again at 70k, and once more at 51k ''PeT''.

=== LCROSS LRO targeting ===
* ~7 hours prior to impact, LCROSS will separate from Centaur upper stage and perform a ~4-minute delay maneuver (~23 m/s)  to enable LCROSS to fly through Centaur impact plume
 In the left MFD, click '''REF''' and type '''Moon''', then click '''TGT''' and type '''LRO'''
 Click '''PRJ''' until ''Target'' is displayed in the lower left corner.
 Click '''Z-''' until you can see the white dot that represents the current vessel. Remember 
 where this "incoming" leg of the orbit is located.
 In the right MFD click '''MNU''', then '''Course'''. Highlight ''Target Intercept'', then click '''Set'''.
 Click '''TGT''', and type '''LRO'''. Click '''PRJ''' until ''LRO'' is shown in the lower left corner of the MFD.
The orientation of the two MFD's should now be exacly alike with repect to the position of the LCROSS and LRO orbits. We want to adjust the time of intercept of the LRO orbit so that it is 4 minutes (240 seconds) before LRO passes by.
 In the right MFD click '''Nxt''' until the ''Tin'' parameter is highlighted.
 Click '''+''' or '''-''' until the white intercept point line intersects the point where 
 the incoming side of the LCROSS orbit intersects the LRO's orbit.  
 Whether you use + or - depends on which has the least dV at the intersect point.
 Click '''PG''', then '''BV''', then '''AB'''.
Once this burn is done we must turn prograde with respect to the orbit of the moon and burn an additional 5 m/s. 
 Make sure the HUD reference is ''ORBIT [Moon]''. Use rotational thrusters to align 
 in the prograde direction. 
 Do not use the prograde autopilot, as we are not in the moons SOI yet. 
 In the right MFD note the Tot line in the dV applied section.
 Add 5 to this number and burn until the ''Tot dV'' applied equals this number.
 When this burn is complete, in the right MFD click '''MNU''', then '''Base Approach'''. 
 Highlight ''Hint'' and set it to the current ''Pet'' in the left MFD. 
 Click '''Prv''' twice to highlight ''ReA''.
 Click '''+''' or '''-''' to minimize Enroute dV. Click '''Pg''', '''BV''', and '''AB'''.

=== LCROSS Separation ===
Wait until Pet in the Left MFD is 25k. 
 In the right MFD, minimize ''dV'' by adjusting ''ReA'', and make the burn.
 Jettison LCROSS by pressing '''k'''
Once LCROSS is jettisoned, switch focus to the LCROSS spacecraft.
 In the left MFD, click '''MNU''', then '''Map'''. Click '''REF''', type Moon, click '''TGT''', and type '''LRO'''.
 Click '''PRJ''' until the lower left says ''Target''. In the right MFD, click '''MNU''', then '''Course'''.
 Make sure ''Target Intercept'' is highlighted, and click '''Set'''. Click '''TGT''' and type '''LRO'''.
 Click '''PRJ''' until the lower left corner says ''LRO''. Click '''Nxt''' 3 times so that ''Tin'' is highlighted.
 Click '''-''' until the white intercept line intersects the point where our incoming orbit 
 intersects the LRO orbit.
 Click '''PG''', than '''BV''', then '''AB'''.
This should result in a mostly retrograde burn of about 23 m/s. When this burn is complete:
 In the right MFD select '''MNU''', then '''Base Approach'''. Click '''REF''' and type '''Moon'''.
switch focus back to AV020Centaur and write down the ''Lat'' and ''Lon'' parameters. Switch back to LCROSS and enter these numbers for Lat and Lon in the LCROSS Base Approach MFD.
 Set ''Alt'' to '''0''', ''ReA'' to '''75''', and ''Ant'' to '''0'''. Set ''Hint'' to the ''Pet'' shown in the left MFD.
 Highlight ReA and adjust for minimum dV. Click '''PG''', '''BV''', and '''AB'''.
 At ''Pet'' of 15k make another Base Approach targeting burn.
 At ''Pet'' of 5k make a final Base Approach targeting burn.

=== Impact Observation ===
Wait until PeT is 1k.
 Turn LCROSS prograde and make sure planetarium mode is on ('''F9''').
 Center the AV020Centaur in the HUD, and press '''F8''' for the LCROSS camera display.
 Recenter the Centaur in the camera view.
Switch focus to LRO.
 Engage the Orbit Normal + autopilot so that LRO's cameras and instruments are pointed 
 in the prograde direction. 
Switch focus back to LCROSS. 
 In the left MFD, set the target to AV020Centaur. This will give you a good indication of when the 
 centaur will impact the moon. 
 When it is close to impact time, press '''f8''' for the LCROSS camera. Center the Centaur and turn off 
 planetarium mode '''f9'''.
You will see bright flash at impact and the ejecta blanket will start to spread. Switch focus to LRO, press '''f1''', then press '''f4''' and set the camera FOV to 10 degrees for the best view. The impact, from LRO's point of view will initially be on the prograde horizon. As LRO passes overhead of the impact, LCROSS will impact in the same general area.

== External reference documents ==

[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/docs/astrWorkshop/Galal_Orbit_Design_Galal_Final.ppt LCROSS Astronomer Workshop]<br>
[http://lcross.arc.nasa.gov/ NASA LCROSS page]<br>
[http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/ NASA LRO page]<br>
[http://lroc.sese.asu.edu/ ASU LRO Camera Page]<br>
[http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/40781/1/06-2277_A.pdf Trajectory Design of the Lunar Impactor Mission Concept]<br>
[http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/library/tooley-scobjectives-51906.pdf Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Spacecraft & Objectives]<br>
[http://lunar.gsfc.nasa.gov/library/IAC-07-C1_7_06.pdf Mission Design And Operations Considerations For NASA’S LRO]<br>
[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20070021535_2007013516.pdf Mission Design for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter]<br>

== TODO ==
*Fix procedure for actual mission parameters
** updated Launch date? - currently: 2nd March 2009 05:26:27
** LCROSS North pole impact
*** Target a specific crater
** Try IMFD slingshot mode to refine flyby once in lunar SOI
* Add keyboard commands section
* Convert to .CHM for help mode within orbiter
* Add images
** IMFD map periapsis projection to show LCROSS orbit inclination