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− | {| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:25px 0 0 10px; border:3px solid lightsteelblue;width:250px; font-size: | + | {| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:25px 0 0 10px; border:3px solid lightsteelblue;width:250px; font-size:90%; font-family:'Arial','Helvetica'; float: right; clear: right;"Template in Orbiter" |
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2" align="center" |Mercury | !bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2" align="center" |Mercury | ||
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|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:MercuryScrshot.jpg|240px]] | |colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:MercuryScrshot.jpg|240px]] | ||
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− | |colspan="2" align="center"|'''Mercury in Orbiter | + | |colspan="2" align="center"|'''Mercury in Orbiter''' |
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Designation | !bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Designation | ||
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|Name||align="right"|Mercury | |Name||align="right"|Mercury | ||
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− | |Reference body||align="right"|Sun | + | |width="30%"|Reference body||align="right" width="30%"|Sun |
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− | |Number of satellites||align="right" width="30%"|0 | + | |width="30%"|Number of satellites||align="right" width="30%"|0 |
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− | !bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary mean | + | !bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary mean orbits |
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− | |Epoch||align="right"|J2000 (1 January 2000) | + | |width="30%"|Epoch||align="right" width="50%"|J2000 (1 January 2000) |
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− | |Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" |0.38709893 AU <br> 5.790917567×10<sup>7</sup> km) | + | |width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|0.38709893 AU <br> 5.790917567×10<sup>7</sup> km) |
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− | |Eccentricity (e)||align="right"|0.20563069 | + | |width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="30%"|0.20563069 |
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− | |Inclination (i)||align="right"|7.00487° <br> (0.122258 radian) | + | |width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|7.00487° <br> (0.122258 radian) |
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− | |Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right"|48.33167° <br> (0.8436468 radian) | + | |width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"|48.33167° <br> (0.8436468 radian) |
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− | |Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right"|77.45645° <br> (1.351870 radian) | + | |width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|77.45645° <br> (1.351870 radian) |
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− | |Mean longitude (L)||align="right"|252.25084° <br> (4.402608 radian) | + | |width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|252.25084° <br> (4.402608 radian) |
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary orbital element centennial rates | !bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary orbital element centennial rates | ||
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− | |Semimajor axis (a)||align="right"|0.00000066 AU/Century | + | |width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|0.00000066 AU/Century |
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− | |Eccentricity (e)||align="right"|0.00002527 Century<sup>-1</sup> | + | |width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="50%"|0.00002527 Century<sup>-1</sup> |
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− | |Inclination (i)||align="right"|-23.51 seconds/Century | + | |width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|-23.51 seconds/Century |
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− | |Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right"|-446.30 seconds/Century | + | |width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"|-446.30 seconds/Century |
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− | |Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right"|573.57 seconds/Century | + | |width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|573.57 seconds/Century |
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− | |Mean longitude (L)||align="right"|538101628.29 seconds/Century | + | |width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|538101628.29 seconds/Century |
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Selected physical parameters | !bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Selected physical parameters | ||
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− | |width="30%"|Mean radius||align="right"|2440 km | + | |width="30%"|Mean radius||align="right" width="30%"|2440 km |
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− | |Mass||align="right"|3.301880×10<sup>23</sup> kg | + | |width="30%"|Mass||align="right" width="30%"|3.301880×10<sup>23</sup> kg |
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− | |Density||align="right"|5.427 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | + | |width="30%"|Density||align="right" width="30%"|5.427 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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− | |Sidereal rotation period||align="right"|1407.509 hours | + | |width="30%"|Sidereal rotation period||align="right" width="30%"|1407.509 hours |
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− | |Sidereal orbit period||align="right"|0.2408445 years | + | |width="30%"|Sidereal orbit period||align="right" width="30%"|0.2408445 years |
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− | |Magnitude V(1,0)||align="right"|-0.42 | + | |width="30%"|Magnitude V(1,0)||align="right" width="30%"|-0.42 |
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− | |Geometric albedo||align="right"|0.106 | + | |width="30%"|Geometric albedo||align="right" width="30%"|0.106 |
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− | |Equatorial gravity||align="right"|3. | + | |width="30%"|Equatorial gravity||align="right" width="30%"|3.701 m/s<sup>2</sup> |
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− | | | + | |width="30%"|Escape velocity||align="right" width="30%"|4.435 km/s |
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− | |Escape velocity||align="right"|4.435 km/s | ||
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Rotation elements | !bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Rotation elements | ||
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− | |North pole right ascension (α<sub>1</sup>)||align="right"|280.99° | + | |width="30%"|North pole right ascension (α<sub>1</sup>)||align="right" width="30%"|280.99° |
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− | |North pole declination (δ<sub>1</sup>)||align="right"|61.44° | + | |width="30%"|North pole declination (δ<sub>1</sup>)||align="right" width="30%"|61.44° |
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− | | | + | |width="30%"|Obliqutiy of ecliptic||align="right" width="30%"|7.01° |
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− | |Longitude of Sun's transit||align="right"|228.31° | + | |width="30%"|Longitude of Sun's transit||align="right" width="30%"|228.31° |
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− | |Note||align="right"|*Elements given are from Orbiter.pdf (2016) | + | |width="30%"|Note||align="right" width="30%"|*Elements given are from Orbiter.pdf (2016) |
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− | Mercury was visited in 1974 and 1975 by Mariner 10 in two flybys and was again visited by MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting Mercury from 2011 to 2015 when it was deorbited. | + | '''Mercury''' is the smallest planet in the [[Solar system|solar system]] and is the closest to the [[Sun|sun]]. Mercury is a rocky planet appearing much like the [[Moon|moon]] and has virtually no atmosphere (none is modeled in Orbiter), and has no natural satellites. |
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+ | Mercury was visited in 1974 and 1975 by Mariner 10 in two flybys and was again visited by MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting Mercury from 2011 to 2015 when it was deorbited. There is a plan for the BepiColombo spacecraft to visit in 2025. | ||
== Orbital characteristics == | == Orbital characteristics == | ||
− | Mercury is the innermost planet in the system with a semimajor axis of 5.79×10<sup>7</sup> km. But, the orbital eccentricity is the largest of all the planets, about 0.2056, its distance ranging from 46 million to almost 70 million km from the Sun, and the inclination of its orbit is just over 7°, also largest of all the planets | + | Mercury is the innermost planet in the system with a semimajor axis of 5.79×10<sup>7</sup> km. But, the orbital eccentricity is the largest of all the planets, about 0.2056, its distance ranging from 46 million to almost 70 million km from the Sun, and the inclination of its orbit is just over 7°, also largest of all the planets. |
== Physical characteristics == | == Physical characteristics == | ||
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== Geological features == | == Geological features == | ||
− | In Orbiter 2016, Mercury is modeled as a sphere with no elevations, but visually, it has | + | In Orbiter 2016, Mercury is modeled as a sphere with no elevations, but visually, it has approximately 300 features on Mercury have been included in the stock Orbiter 2016, albedo features as well as craters, ridges, plains, escarpments, valleys, and one mountain. |
− | See [[Geology of Mercury]] | + | See [[Geology of Mercury]]. |
− | == | + | == Add-ons == |
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− | + | * Mariner 10 - Historically the first probe to use gravitational assists and first probe to visit Mercury. It made three fly-by's of Mercury between November 1973 and March 1974, but did not enter orbit. This probe is modeled in Orbiter in an add-on made by user "missleman01": GEP - Mariner 10 <ref>[http://www.orbithangar.com/searchid.php?ID=510 GEP Mariner 10 at Orbit Hangar]</ref> | |
− | + | * MESSENGER - Historically the first probe to enter orbit around Mercury. After three fly-by's between January 2008 and September 2009, it entered an highly elliptical orbit around Mercury on March 18th, 2011. This probe is modeled in Orbiter in several add-ons <ref>[https://www.orbithangar.com/showAddon.php?id=dfb4c010-d4c1-4be7-8237-28b42217229a Messenger Probe Add-on at Orbit Hangar]</ref> | |
− | + | * [https://www.orbithangar.com/showAddon.php?id=0f6275a0-ad1c-4e9b-a80e-a9f8823d3091 Mercury level 7 topography and level 8 textures at Orbit Hangar] | |
− | + | * [https://www.orbithangar.com/showAddon.php?id=8d0f7087-971b-48d8-b84f-6ab43bfd5161 Mercury Level 8 texture at Orbit Hangar] | |
− | + | * [http://www.orbithangar.com/searchid.php?ID=5570 Mercury Level 9 Textures at Orbit Hangar] The texture was created using mosaics of the planet Mercury with pictures taken by the MESSENGER spacecraft in 2011 | |
− | + | * [https://www.orbithangar.com/showAddon.php?id=0cf77fcf-af77-4fe9-bbf0-a332d1596a7f Mercury Level 11 texture at Orbit Hangar] | |
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− | Historically the first probe to use gravitational assists and first probe to visit Mercury. It made three fly-by's of Mercury between November 1973 and March 1974, but did not enter orbit. | ||
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− | Historically the first probe to enter orbit around Mercury. After three fly-by's between January 2008 and September 2009, it entered an highly elliptical orbit around Mercury on March 18th, 2011. | ||
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− | *[https://www. | ||
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− | *[https://www. | ||
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− | *[https://www. | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
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*[[w:Mariner 10|Mariner 10 mission]] at Wikipedia | *[[w:Mariner 10|Mariner 10 mission]] at Wikipedia | ||
*[[w:MESSENGER|MESSENGER mission]] at Wikipedia | *[[w:MESSENGER|MESSENGER mission]] at Wikipedia | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
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[[Category:Celestial bodies]] | [[Category:Celestial bodies]] | ||
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{{SolarSystem}} | {{SolarSystem}} | ||
{{Planet-Stub}} | {{Planet-Stub}} | ||
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[[Category:Solar System]] | [[Category:Solar System]] | ||
[[Category: Planets]] | [[Category: Planets]] |