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An '''orbit''' is any path taken by one object around another object.  In the sense of space flight it refers to an object circling a central, more massive object as a result of the orbiting objects forward velocity and the central object's [[Gravity|gravitational]] pull on the orbiting object. All objects not in contact with another object are in orbit.  
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central, more massive object as a result of the orbiting objects forward velocity and the central object's [[Gravity|gravitational]] pull on the orbiting object.
  
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An object in orbit influenced by the gravitational attraction of only that body is in a "Keplerian orbit", a circle, ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola, but, in the real universe, all objects are influenced by all other objects in the universe, hence, the orbit will deviate from true Keplerian motion.  
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A good discussion (with illustrations) available at Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit]
  
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A circular orbit has an [[eccentricity]] of zero, an elliptical orbit has an eccentricity of 0 < e < 1, an orbit with an eccentricity = 0 is a parabolic orbit, and an orbit with an eccentricity >1 are hyperbolic. Objects in parabolic and hyperbolic orbits will eventually escape the gravitational attraction of the central body. So, in Orbiter, if your ship is in a circular or elliptical orbit around a body, it will remain in an orbit around that body unless influenced by some outside force such as thrust or atmospheric drag. A ship thrusting in a direction increasing its velocity long enough, the orbit will become parabolic or hyperbolic and the ship will escape that body.
 
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An object which has insufficient velocity to maintain orbit above the surface is in a "suborbit". If the central object could be reduced to a point mass, the orbiting object would be then in an elliptical orbit, but without the point mass, the object collides with the ground. An example would be throwing a baseball, football, etc., the object is in an elliptical suborbit until it collides with the ground.
 
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== Orbital parameters ==
 
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Six parameters referred to as 'Keplerian elements" are used to define an orbit.
 
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{|class="wikitable"
 
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|colspan="4"|<center>'''Keplerian Elements'''</center>
 
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|-
 
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|<center>'''Element'''</center>||<center>'''Symbol'''</center>||<center>'''Unit of measure'''</center>||<center>'''Description'''</center>
 
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|-
 
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|Semimajor axis||<center>a</center>||<center>m, km, AU</center>||Defines the size of the orbit, sum of the radii of the apsides divided by 2
 
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|-
 
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|Eccentricity||<center>e</center>||||Defines the roundness of the orbit, e = 0, circular; 0 < e < 1, elliptical; e = 1, parabolic; e > 1, hyperbolic
 
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|-
 
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|Inclination||<center>i</center>||<center>°</center>||Tilt of the orbit with respect to the equator or ecliptic frame of reference 0 < 180, prograde orbit, 180 < 360, retrograde orbit
 
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|-
 
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|Longitude of the ascending node||<center>LAN</center>||<center>°</center>||Defines the angle at which the orbit crosses a reference plane from a reference longitude
 
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|-
 
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|Argument of Perapsis||<center>LPe</center>||<center>°</center>||Defines the angle at which the periapsis is from the LAN
 
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|-
 
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|Mean anomaly||<center>MnA</center>||<center>°</center>||Defines the position of the body, ship, or station with respect to the periapsis
 
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|}
 
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== See also ==
 
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[[Orbital elements]]
 
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== External links ==
 
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[[w: Orbit|Orbit]] at Wikipedia.
 
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[[Category: Articles]]
 
 
[[Category: Glossary]]
 
[[Category: Glossary]]
 
{{Stub}}
 
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