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'''Orbit''' is an MFD mode which lists the elements and parameters for the [[orbit]] of the ship's orbit in reference to a central body, and a graphical representation of the orbit. The mode can also show the orbit of a target body orbiting the same body and its orbital characteristics. Orbit may be selected from the MFD selection page.
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'''Orbit''' is an MFD mode which is included in the [[Orbiter|Orbiter Space Flight Simulator]]. This mode displays a graphic representing a central body, the orbit of the pilot's ship, and the orbit of a target body, and also includes orbital parameters and elements of those orbits. The pilot can select Orbit from the MFD mode selection page.
  
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The display shows the Keplar, or two-body, orbit of the craft at the current date with respect to the reference body. Any natural body in Orbiter may be selected as the reference body. Because of perturbations to the orbit, it may change over time. Perturbing effects include other bodies in the Solar System, nonspherical gravity, atmospheric drag, and ship's engines, etc.
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Orbit MFD displays the osculating orbits at the current epoch (its 2-body orbit) with respect to a celestial body. The orbital parameters may change over time due to perturbations from other gravity sources, nonspherical gravity, atmospheric drag, and thruster action, etc. Any celestial body in the current session can be selected as the reference body.
  
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The orbital elements may be displayed in the [[Ecliptic|ecliptic]] or equatorial frame of reference. The plane of the ecliptic is the orbital plane of the Earth and the equatorial plane is the plane of the equator of the reference body. {{Key|Shift}}{{Key|F}} or the FRM button is used to switch back and forth between the reference frames, the 'Frm' value displays the current frame.
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Orbital elements and graphic display is displayed in one of two frames of reference, '''Ecliptic''' (ECL) or '''Equatorial''' (EQU) by selecting the FRM button or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|F}}. The current frame is displayed on the top line of the MFD display near the right corner.
  
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The graphical view can be switched between the planes of the ecliptic (ECL), equator (EQU), ship's orbit (SHP), or target's orbit (TGT) with {{Key|Shift}}{{Key|P}} or with the PRJ button. The radius vector of the ship and target can be displayed from orbit focus (indicated by Rad, ApR, PeR), or by altitude above mean planet radius (Alt, ApA, PeA) with {{Key|Shift}}{{Key|D}}, or the DST button.
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Any celestial body may be selected as the reference body by selecting the REF button or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|R}}, displaying a pop-up window where the pilot may select the reference body. Selecting the NT button or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|A}} will autoselect the reference body having the highest gravitational influence on the ship.
  
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{{Key|Shift}}{{Key|T}} or the TGT button opens a popup menu to select a target object, if you want no target, use {{Key|Shift}}{{Key|N}} or the NT button. You can only display orbits for targets orbiting the selected reference object can be displayed.
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The display may project a plane to be projected onto the MFD display by selecting PRJ or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|P}}. Four planes may be selected: Ecliptic (ECL), Equatorial (EQU), the focus ship (SHP), or target ship or celestial body (TGT).
  
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Press {{Key|Shift}}{{Key|H}} or the HUD button to switch the HUD to display the orbit reference object.
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Distance from the focus body may be displayed from the center of the body, indicated by Rad, ApR, PeR, or from the altitude of the mean radius of the body, indicated by Alt, ApA, PeA, by selecting the DTS button or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|D}}.
  
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<center>[[File:OrbitMFDListMode.png|200 px]][[File:OrbitMFDGraphicMode.png|200 px]][[File:OrbitMFD.jpg|200 px]]</center>
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The orbit of a target ship or body orbiting the same body as the pilot's ship may be selected with the TGT button or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|T}}. The NT button or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|N}} turns off the target orbit and data.
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<center>Data only, graphic only, or both data and graphic can be selected with the '''MOD''' button.</center>
 
  
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In the graphic mode:<br>
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Selecting the HUD button or {{Key|Shift}}+{{Key|H}} will set the HUD to Orbit MFD mode and copy the orbit reference object.
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•The gray circle represents the mean radius of the reference object (Sun, planet, or moon).<br>
 
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•The green circle, ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola represents the Kepler orbit of your ship.<br>
 
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•The yellow circle, ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola represents the Kepler orbit of the target.<br>
 
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•The small open circle on the ship's or target's orbit represents the apoapsis of the orbit.<br>
 
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•The small closed circle on the ship's or target's orbit represents the periapsis of the orbit.<br>
 
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•The line from the center of the body to the orbit is the radius vector, the end of the line where it touches the orbit is the ship's or body's current location.<br>
 
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•The dotted line represents the line of nodes of the target orbit and your ship's orbit.<br>
 
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•The filled in square at one end of the line of nodes represents the ascending node of your orbit.<br>
 
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•The open square at the other end of the line of nodes represents the descending node of your orbit.<br>
 
  
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In the list mode:<br>
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
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•'''Orbit:''' indicates the body about which the ship and/or the target is orbiting.<br>
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|colspan="3"|'''Key Options'''
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•'''Frm''' indicates the frame of reference, '''Equator''' (ECL) or '''Ecliptic''' (ECL)<br>
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|-
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•'''G''' represents the percentage of gravity exerted by the reference body (0-1.00). If the G value is less than 0.8, it will turn yellow, and less than 0.5 it will turn red. {{Key|Shift}}{{Key|A}} will change the reference body to the dominant one.<br>
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!MFD button!!Keypress!!Description
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•'''--OSC.EL.--''' indicates that the list for your ship lists the osculating elements of your orbit.<br>
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|-
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•'''SMa''' indicates the semimajor axis of the orbit<br>
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|AR||Shift+A||Autoselect the reference body.
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•'''SMi''' indicates the semiminor axis of the orbit<br>
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|-
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•'''PeR''' (when selected by the DST button) indicates the periapsis of the orbit from the center of the body.<br>
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|DST||Shift+D||Toggle planetocentric distance or altitude above mean radius
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•'''PeA''' (when selected by the DST button) indicates the periapsis of the orbit from the mean radius of the body.<br>
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|-
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•'''ApR''' (when selected by the DST button) indicates the apoapsis of the orbit from the center of the body.<br>
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|FRM||Shift+F||Toggle frame of reference<br>(ecliptic or reference object equator)
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•'''ApA''' (when selected by the DST button) indicates the apoapsis of the orbit from the mean radius of the body.<br>
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|-
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•'''Rad''' (when selected by the DST button) indicates the current radius of the ship or target from the center of the body.<br>
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|HUD||Shift+H||Set HUD to Orbit mode and copy the current MFD orbit reference object
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•'''Alt''' (when selected by the DST button) indicates the altitude ot the ship or target from the mean radius of the body.<br>
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|-
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•'''Ecc''' indicates the eccentricity of the orbit (0 = circular, >0 and <1 elliptical, 1 = parabolic, >1 Hyperbolic).<br>
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|MOD||Shift+M||Toggle display mode<br>(reference frame, ship's orbital plane, target orbital frame)<br>will show central body with ship's orbit and target orbit if selected; orbital data; both
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•'''T''' indicates the orbital period in seconds (how long it takes to make one orbit).<br>
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|-
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•'''PeT''' indicates the time in seconds until the ship or target passes the next periapsis. <br>
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|NT||Shift+N||No target orbit
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•'''ApT''' indicates time in seconds until the ship or target passes the next apoapsis.<br>
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|-
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•'''Vel''' current velocity of the ship or target in meters per second.<br>
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|PRJ||Shift+P||Toggle projection mode of orbit<br>(reference frame, ship's orbital plane, target orbital plane
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•'''Inc''' inclination of the orbit in degrees (<180° indicates a prograde orbit, >180° indicates a retrograde orbit).<br>
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|-
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•'''LAN''' indicates Longitude of the Ascending Node or the angle in degrees between the ship's or target's position to the ascending node.<br>
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|REF||Shift+R||Select new reference object (celestial object) or orbital data
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•'''LPe''' indicates Longitude of Periapsis or the angle in degrees from the vernal equinox to the periapsis of the ship's or target's orbit.<br>
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|-
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•'''AgP''' indicates the argument of periapsis or the angle in degrees from the ascending node to the periapsis of the ship's or target's orbit.<br>
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|TGT||Shift+T||Open popup menu to select a target
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•'''TrA''' indicates the true anomaly, or the angle in degrees from the periapsis of the orbit to the ship's or target's current position.<br>
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|}
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•'''TrL''' indicates the true longitude or the angle in degrees from the vernal equinox to the ship or target's position if the inclination of the orbit were zero.<br>
 
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•'''MnA''' indicates the mean anomaly of the orbit or the angle from the vernal equinox to the ship's position if the orbit was circular, the ship or target moved at constant speed, and having the same orbital period as the true orbit.<br>
 
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•'''MnL''' indicates the mean longitude of the orbit or the angle from the vernal equinox to the ship's or target's position if it's orbit was circular and with no perterbations.<br>
 
  
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==See also==
 
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*[[w:Orbit|Orbit]] at Wikipedia.
 
  
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[[Category:Articles]]
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
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[[Category:MFD]]
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|colspan="3"|'''MFD display components'''
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|-
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!!Parameter!!Nomenclature!!Description
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|-
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|SMa||Semimajor axis||longest semi-diameter of the orbit<br>Periapsis + Apoapsis
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|-
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|SMi||Semiminor axis||shortest semi-diameter of the orbit
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|-
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|PeR<br>PeA||Periapsis Radius<br>Periapsis Altitude||Lowest point of the orbit
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|-
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|ApR<br>ApA||Apoapsis Radius<br>Apoapsis Altitude||Highest point of the orbit
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|-
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|Rad<br>Alt||Radius<br>Altitude||Radius from the center of the body<br>Altitude from body mean radius
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|-
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|Ecc||Eccentricity||Circularity of the orbit (0-1)
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|-
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|T||Orbit Period||Time in seconds for one orbit
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|-
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|PeT||Periapsis Time||Time in seconds until the next Periapsis
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|-
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|ApT||Apoapsis Time||Time in seconds until the next Apospsis
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|-
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|Vel||Velocity||Velocity of the ship or target in km/sec
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|-
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|Inc||Inclination||Angle (°) at which orbit deviates from the ecliptic or equator
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|-
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|LAN||Longitude of the Ascending Node||Angle in degrees (°) of the orbit from the Vernal Equinox
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|-
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|LPe||Longitude of Periapsis||Angle (°) along the reference plane from the Vernal Equinox to the Periapsis
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|-
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|AgP||Argument of Periapsis||Angle (°) from the ascending node to the periapsis
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|-
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|TrA||True Anomaly||Angle (°) from the Periapsis to the ship's or target's location along the orbit
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|-
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|TrL||True Longitude||Angle (°) of the longitude of the ship's or target's position from the ecliptic
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|-
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|MnA||Mean Anomaly||Angle (°)
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|-
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|MnL||Mean Longitude||
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|}

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