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{{Addon|
 
{{Addon|
 
1=http://orbides.1gb.ru|
 
1=http://orbides.1gb.ru|
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2=Artyom "Artlav" Litvinovich
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2=Artlav
 
}}
 
}}
 
[[Image:Oru-080401-1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Earth in Orulex 1.0]]
 
[[Image:Oru-080401-1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Earth in Orulex 1.0]]
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[[Image:Oru-080401-2.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Brighton Beach Crater on the Moon in Orulex 1.0]]
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[[Image:Oru-080401-2.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Brighton Beach Crafter on the Moon in Orulex 1.0
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[[Image:Oru-080401-3.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Venus in Orulex 1.0]]
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]]
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[[Image:Oru-080401-7.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Nereid in Orulex 1.0]]
 
  
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'''Orulex''' is a dynamic landscape generator add-on for Orbiter which allows users to add a global landable mesh to planets.
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'''Orulex''' is a dynamic landscape generator add-on for Orbiter which allows you to add a global landable meshes to the planets. The meshes are generated and optimised on the fly.
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Simply said, it turns flat planets into mountainous planets.
 
  
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Latest stable version is 1.0
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==Basic features (0.7.1)==
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Latest development version is 1.2_080527
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* Run-time generation of planet-wide meshes based on given mathematical expression.
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* Supported functions are perlin noise, ridged perlin, sine and cosine terrain, i/o curve, crater, auxiliarys.
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* Global and local heightmaps
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* Automatic carving of surface bases into craters.
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* Partially compatible with Visosad collision detection system.
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==Known bugs/issues (0.7.1)==
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* Static textures all over the planet.
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* Blinking of the texture at night and with clouds.
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* No mesh visible in windowed mode on some GPUs.
  
 
==Basic features (1.0)==
 
==Basic features (1.0)==
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* Easily downloadable textures and heightmaps data for Earth, and other planets.
 
* Easily downloadable textures and heightmaps data for Earth, and other planets.
 
* Lv11 global Orbiter and Lv6-Lv22 local downloaded textures (LandSat, USGS) support.
 
* Lv11 global Orbiter and Lv6-Lv22 local downloaded textures (LandSat, USGS) support.
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* Collision detection support possibilities and SDK interface
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 +
==Improvements from 0.9.4 to 1.0==
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* Lots of bugs fixed
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* Significant performance improvements.
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* Memory management was significantly improved, the textures are no longer resides fully in RAM, so even Lv11 textures only needs 100Mb on average instead of ~1Gb. Consequently,
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* Lv 9-11 textures supported.
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* Visual improvements by recalibrating the LOD algorithm - the textures are generated from the camera point, and the high resolution should be more closer to the camera, the generation takes camera motion into account
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* World Studio - a versatile planet editor and Orulex config tool. Featuring everything from changing settings to downloading hi-res tiles and saving them as Orbiter-readable SURFTILEs.
 +
 
 +
==Known bugs/issues (1.0)==
 +
* Windows Vista random CTD.
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* Dislocated patches when flying with multithreaded mode on.
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* Textures getting colorfully random on some machines (probably Orbiter/DirectX bug on older systems).
  
 
==System Requirements:==
 
==System Requirements:==
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* 2-3Ghz CPU, ~1Gb of disk space, Fast Cheap internet (Lv9 heightmap is 466Mb download).
 
* 2-3Ghz CPU, ~1Gb of disk space, Fast Cheap internet (Lv9 heightmap is 466Mb download).
  
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==Performance Guidelines (1.0)==
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==Performance Guidelines:==
 
* If you got a multi-core CPU, it is almost always better to keep multithread mode on.
 
* If you got a multi-core CPU, it is almost always better to keep multithread mode on.
 
* If you got single-core CPU and Orulex feels slow on response or pre-computation takes longer than 10-15 seconds, try turning multithread mode off.
 
* If you got single-core CPU and Orulex feels slow on response or pre-computation takes longer than 10-15 seconds, try turning multithread mode off.
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TexGen-H defines time slice allocated when there is a lot to generate, TexGen-L defines time slice allocated when there are only small changes, like when you are flying around. Reducing them make Orbiter more responsive and terrain less responsive. Timings are not defined in multithread mode.
 
TexGen-H defines time slice allocated when there is a lot to generate, TexGen-L defines time slice allocated when there are only small changes, like when you are flying around. Reducing them make Orbiter more responsive and terrain less responsive. Timings are not defined in multithread mode.
  
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==Known bugs/issues (1.0)==
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==Data Servers List:==
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* Windows Vista random CTD.
 
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* Dislocated patches when flying with multithreaded mode on.
 
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* Textures getting colorfully random on some machines (probably Orbiter/DirectX bug on older systems).
 
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==Data download Servers List==
 
 
'''Earth'''
 
'''Earth'''
 
* SRTM global Earth terrain
 
* SRTM global Earth terrain
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* Magellan Imaging Radar (Grey)
 
* Magellan Imaging Radar (Grey)
  
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==World Studio==
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==Configuration==
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World Studio is both the Orulex terrain config system and the versatile planet editor. It was first released on April 1, 2008 same with Orulex 1.0.
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'''Syntax for all config files:'''
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* parameter = value
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* Any amount of tabs or spaces around = sign.
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* // means star of line-comment (all of the line after it is ignored)
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* { opens the large comment, } closes the large comment, everything between them is ignored.
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* 1 denotes TRUE/ON, 0 denotes FALSE/OFF.
 +
* All other numbers are in metres (unless specified otherwise), in real number format (±1.23±45).
  
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==Generator ideas and function description==
 
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===Configuration===
 
  
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Orulex system configuration are done by World Studio program and config files editing, with options ranging from terrain polygon count to shapes of the worlds.
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'''Main configuration''' can be found in visosad\orulex.cfg
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2 PDF's with full description of world studio and file configuration can be found in the release package.
 
  
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All pathes are relative to the Orbiter directory.
  
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Global features:
  
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* '''Enabled''' - Enable/disable the system
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* '''Debug''' - Enable/disable the debug string
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* '''Collisions''' - Collision support on/off
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* '''Multithread''' - Multithreaded mode on/off
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* '''Reflection''' - Reflection model
  
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===Basic ideas===
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Default values for all planets (used if not specified in planet cfg):
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* '''MaxPolyCount''' - Maximum polygon count in the terrain should be in 20000-100000 range.
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* '''Altlimit''' - Upper limit for terrain drawing.
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* '''Blendlimit''' - Lower limit of terrain vanishing (starts at Altlimit-Blendlimit)
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* '''Levlimit''' - Terrain level limit
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* '''GlobalHMapLimit''' - Global heightmap level limit
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* '''PriT''' - Preprocess timeslice
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* '''SecT''' - Split/Merge timeslice
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* '''TriT''' - TexGen-L timeslice
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* '''QuaT''' - TexGen-H timeslice
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* '''Configs''' - Configuration path
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* '''Textures''' - Textures path
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* '''Heightmaps''' - Heightmap path
  
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Function string in config\terrain\planet_name.cfg
 
  
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* Planet functions is written in postfix notation.
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Planet textures are loaded from Orbiter textures directories, with Orbiter's default prioritites.
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* In postfix, the sign of operation goes after the operands, so a+b will be ab+.
 
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* It have a significant comprehensive advantage, since there is no ()'s.
 
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* a+((b+f)*c+d/e) will be written as a b f+c*d e/++.
 
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* Functions specified the same way - f(x,y,z+w) is x y z w + f.
 
  
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===Terrain function===
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Planets configuration can be found in config/terrain/planet_name.cfg
  
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The terrain is represented by a 3 to 1 function with arguments being the position on the planet and output being the altitude at this position. The concept is similar to the plotting of 1D functions, like sine and cosine - the X axis represents the position, and Y axis represents the altitude:
 
  
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[[Image:Functions in Orulex 1.jpg|800px|thumb|center|Imagine the same thing in 4D, and that's how it is done in Orulex.]]
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'''In planet_name.cfg'''
 +
The MaxPolyCount, Altlimit, Blendlimit have the same meaning as in name config, but for this planet only.
  
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===List of terrain functions===
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Terrain settings:
 +
* '''seed''' - The Number, that defines the planet.
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* '''radius''' - Radius of mesh. Better be near radius of planet.
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* '''function''' - Planet terrain function. Described below.
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* '''sbcrater''' - Surface base craters ridge height
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* '''microtexture''' - Microtexturing
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* '''belowsphere''' - Below sphere terrain
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* '''glhmaplevel''' - Max global heightmap level
  
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====Perlin noise====
 
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[[Image:Terrain Functions.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Classic perlin noise ground function.]]
 
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;Syntax:<nowiki>perlin(xd,yd,zd,band,scale)</nowiki>
 
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;xd,yd,zd:Distortion values for x,y,and z coordinates respectively.
 
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;band: The amount of noise bands to be used - the more of them the more detailed terrain is, but slower.
 
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;scale: The horizontal scale of the thing. It is roughly equivalent to the size of the pattern shown in viewer on the actual planet, i.e. if scale is 10000 then the pattern will be spread across 10 kilometers.
 
  
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Output is in -1..1 range.
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'''Heightmaps:'''
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Defined by adding following string to the planet_name.cfg
  
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====Ridge noise====
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'''heightmap=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function|Flag|Use'''
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[[Image:Terrain Functions 2.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Ridged perlin noise ground function. ]]
 
  
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;Syntax:<nowiki>ridge(xd,yd,zd,band,scale)</nowiki>
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'''height8map=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function|Flag|Use'''
  
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;Syntax:<nowiki>perlin(xd,yd,zd,band,scale)</nowiki>
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'''heightmaphei=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function|Flag|Use'''
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;xd,yd,zd:Distortion values for x,y,and z coordinates respectively.
 
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;band: The amount of noise bands to be used - the more of them the more detailed terrain is, but slower.
 
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;scale: The horizontal scale of the thing. It is roughly equivalent to the size of the pattern shown in viewer on the actual planet, i.e. if scale is 10000 then the pattern will be spread across 10 kilometers.
 
  
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Output is in -1..1 range.
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All fields have fixed widths - 40|10|10|10|10|8|1|1|1
  
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====Sea level====
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First is filename relative to Heightmaps directory, then longitude of start, longitude of end, latitude of start, latitude of end, vertical scale, function, flag, use flag
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[[Image:Terrain Functions 3.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Sea level function with Perlin noise]]
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* '''heightmap''' - Heightmap file is a grayscale BMP with black as 0 and white as vertical scale altitude.
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* '''height8map''' - Heightmap file is a grayscale BMP with altitude asn sint8.
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* '''heightmaphei''' - Heightmap file is a Orulex HEI.
  
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;Syntax:<nowiki>sealevel(f,min)</nowiki>
 
  
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Same as <nowiki>min2(min,f)</nowiki>. Returns <math>f</math> if <math>f>=min</math> and <math>min</math> if <math>f<min</math>.
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'''Heightmap functions are:'''
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* '''0''' - addition (height-map)
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* '''1''' - multiplication (mask-map).
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* '''2''' - replacation (plain height-map)
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* '''3''' - replacation-truncation (plain height-map with ocean truncated)
  
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Useful to truncate below the sphere part of the terrain function into flat valleys. Almost always should be removed if planet have ocean. If your planet have an ocean, make sure thet the underwater part of the function is not truncated!
 
  
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====Sinusoidal terrain====
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'''Colormaps:'''
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[[Image:Terrain Functions 4.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Sinusoidal terrain]]
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Defined by adding following string to the planet_name.cfg
 +
'''colormap=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function'''
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All fields have fixed widths - 40|10|10|10|10|8|1|1|1
 +
First is filename relative to Textures or Textures2 directory, then longitude of start, longitude of end, latitude of start, latitude of end, vertical scale, function
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Colormap file is either BMP or DDS.
  
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;Syntax:
 
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<nowiki>sintf(xd,yd,zd,scale)</nowiki>
 
  
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;xd,yd,zd:Distortion values for x,y,and z coordinates respectively.
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'''Flat spaces:'''
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;scale: The horizontal scale of the thing. It is roughly equivalent to the size of the pattern shown in viewer on the actual planet, i.e. if scale is 10000 then the pattern will be spread across 10 kilometers.
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Defined by adding following string to the planet_name.cfg
 +
'''flat=Lon of start Lon of end Lat of start Lat of end'''
  
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Output is in -1..1 range.
 
  
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====Cosinusoidal terrain====
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'''SURFTILES:'''
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[[Image:Terrain Functions 5.jpg|100px|thumb|left|Cosinusoidal terrain]]
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Just paste the
 +
BEGIN_SURFTILELIST
 +
END_SURFTILELIST
 +
part of the Orbiter base cfg into Orulex planet cfg, '''removing empty lines'''.
 +
See earth.cfg for example.
  
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;Syntax:<nowiki>costf(xd,yd,zd,scale)</nowiki>
 
  
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;xd,yd,zd:Distortion values for x,y,and z coordinates respectively.
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'''Predefined terrain functions for randomator:'''
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;scale: The horizontal scale of the thing. It is roughly equivalent to the size of the pattern shown in viewer on the actual planet, i.e. if scale is 10000 then the pattern will be spread across 10 kilometers.
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* '''1 1 1 3 6000 perlin''' = dense selenic world
 +
* '''1 1 1 3 10000 perlin''' = selenic world
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* '''1 1 1 4 15000 perlin''' = sparse selenic world
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* '''1 1 1 3 20000 1000 1 1 1 4 10000 ridge sin * + ridge''' = tightly-ridged world
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* '''1 1 1 3 100000 10000 1 1 1 3 100000 ridge sin * + ridge''' = ridge-cratered world
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* '''1 1 1 1 10000 ridge cos 0.6- 5*''' = channel-cracked world
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* '''1.1 1.1 1.1 3 10000 ridge 1 0 1 1 1 0.4 0 0.2 0 0 1 0.2 1 1 1 3 100000 ridge trim 0.2-2* 9 curv trim*''' = ridged-valleys world
  
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Output is in -1..1 range.
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==Planet functions==
 +
'''Function=... in visosad\orulex\planet_name.cfg'''
  
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====Curve function====
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Planet function, written in postfix notation. Better not to edit if you don't know what postfix notation is.
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;Syntax:<nowiki>curv(n,f,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x(n-1)/2,y(n-1)/2)</nowiki>
 
  
 +
'''Visosad\funcdrw program''' can display functions 3D graph. Requires OpenGL.
  
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Input/Output curve for f by points of xi,yi, lagrange interpolated. It is a very powerful tool, allowing to map the inputs to according to specific curve to the output, changing gradients and similar things. The I/O curve is too big a topic for this manual.
 
−
For example: Callisto
 
  
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'''Operators:'''
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* sbcrater(scl) - defines surface base craters with scl height.
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* perlin(xd,yd,zd,band,scale) - perlin noise ground function
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* ridge(xd,yd,zd,band,scale) - ridged perlin noise ground function
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* curv(n,f,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x(n-1)/2,y(n-1)/2) - Input/Output curve for f by points of xi,yi, lagrange interpolated.
 +
* sealevel(level) -sphere level cutoff function
 +
* +, -, --, *, /, sin, cos, max2, max3, min2, min3 - arithmetics.
 +
* ax,ay,az - world coordinates.
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* trim(f,min,max) - trims f into min<f<max.
  
−
====Other operators/functions====
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'''Heightmaps'''
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;ax,ay,az:world coordinates
 
−
;+, -, --, *, /, sin, cos, tan, ln, pow, round, trunc, sqr, sqrt max2, max3, min2, min3: Arithmetics and basic math
 
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;trim(f,min,max): trims f into <math>min<f<max</math>
 
  
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==See Also==
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heightmap=Testmapmoon        |000041.025|000041.225|-0033.8375|-0033.6375|00002000|0
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[[Meshland]]
 
  
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==Download Links==
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Heightmap definition. Can be several of them.
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orulex.php Orulex's Homepage by Artlav]
 
  
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[http://www.orbiter-forum.com/showthread.php?t=2007 Development version Orbiter forum thread]
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All fields have fixed widths - 20|10|10|10|10|8|1
  
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[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/orulex_land_gen-v1-2.2390/ Orulex_Land_Gen-v1.2] Orbiter Forum/Resources.
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First is filename relative to visosad\orulex\hmap, then longitude of start, longitude of end, latitude of start, latitude of end, vertical scale, function
  
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[http://www.orbiter-forum.com/showthread.php?t=999 1.0 Orbiter forum thread]
 
  
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==Additional links==
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Where function is:
 +
* 0 - addition (height-map)
 +
* 1 - multiplication (mask-map).
 +
* 2 - replacation (plain height-map)
  
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'''Extensions'''
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Heightmap file is a grayscale BMP with black as 0 and white as vertical scale altitude. 8bit BMP's seems to give errors.
  
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/MLVS-WIP-080327.zip WIP MeshLand 2, Collision Detection support for Orulex, Unstable]
 
  
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/OrulexSDK-allvers.zip Interface SDK (Delta-Glider samples included)]
+
'''Run-time configuration''', found on page 2 of Orulex 3D Surface MFD:
 +
* Enabled - Enable/disable the drawing of the mesh.
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* Debug - Enable/disable the debug string
 +
* Collisions - Collision support on/off
  
−
'''Pre-composed heightmaps'''
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==Links==
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+
[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orulex.php Orulex's Homepage by Artlav]
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/earth-hmap-lv8.zip Earth Lv8 heightmap (84Mb)]
 
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/mars-hmap-lv8.zip Mars Lv8 heightmap (82Mb)]
 
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/moon-hmap-lv8.zip Moon Lv8 heightmap (81Mb)]
 
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/everest_lv11.zip Everest Lv11 textures and heightmaps (5.3Mb)]
 
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/grand_canyon_lv13.zip Grand Canyon Lv13 textures and heightmaps (9Mb)]
 
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'''Demonstaration video'''
 
  
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/oru-flight-080321-x264.avi China flying in Gregburch's Swift1 (x264, 21 MB)]
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[http://www.orbithangar.com/searchid.php?ID=2686 Download at OrbiterHangar]
  
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[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/oru-flight-080321-xvid.avi China flying in Gregburch's Swift1 (xVid, 31 MB)]
+
[http://www.orbitersim.com/Forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=15133 Orbiter forum thread]
  
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[[Category: Articles]]
 
 
[[Category:Add-ons]]
 
[[Category:Add-ons]]
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[[Category:Celestial body add-ons]]

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