Editing Orulex

{{Addon|
1=http://orbides.1gb.ru|
2=Artlav
}}
[[Image:Oru-080401-1.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Earth in Orulex 1.0]]
[[Image:Oru-080401-2.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Brighton Beach Crafter on the Moon in Orulex 1.0
]]

'''Orulex''' is a dynamic landscape generator add-on for Orbiter which allows you to add a global Supported functions are perlin noise, ridged perlin, sine and cosine terrain, i/o curve, crater, auxiliarys.

=Basic features (0.7.1)==
* Run-time generation of planet-wide meshes based on given mathematical expression.
* Supported functions are perlin noise, ridged perlin, sine and cosine terrain, i/o curve, crater, auxiliarys.
* Global and local heightmaps
* Automatic carving of surface bases into craters.
* Partially compatible with Visosad collision detection system.

==Known bugs/issues (0.7.1)==
* Static textures all over the planet.
* Blinking of the texture at night and with clouds.
* No mesh visible in windowed mode on some GPUs.

==Basic features (1.0)==
* Generates planet terrain in Orbiter on the fly, using real data or fractal functions.
* Easily downloadable textures and heightmaps data for Earth, and other planets.
* Lv11 global Orbiter and Lv6-Lv22 local downloaded textures (LandSat, USGS) support.

==Improvements from 0.9.4 to 1.0==
* Lots of bugs fixed
* Significant performance improvements.
* Memory management was significantly improved, the textures are no longer resides fully in RAM, so even Lv11 textures only needs 100Mb on average instead of ~1Gb. Consequently,
* Lv 9-11 textures supported.
* Visual improvements by recalibrating the LOD algorithm - the textures are generated from the camera point, and the high resolution should be more closer to the camera, the generation takes camera motion into account
* World Studio - a versatile planet editor and Orulex config tool. Featuring everything from changing settings to downloading hi-res tiles and saving them as Orbiter-readable SURFTILEs.

==Known bugs/issues (1.0)==
* Windows Vista random CTD.
* Dislocated patches when flying with multithreaded mode on.
* Textures getting colorfully random on some machines (probably Orbiter/DirectX bug on older systems).

==System Requirements:==
'''Out of the box:'''
* 256Mb RAM + what Orbiter and OS takes.
* 1.5+Ghz CPU, good video card (if it runs Orbiter Lv10+NASSP with good FPS it will run Orulex as if nothing is here).

'''Hi-quality:'''
* 1Gb RAM + what Orbiter and OS takes + what local maps you will download.
* 2-3Ghz CPU, ~1Gb of disk space, Fast Cheap internet (Lv9 heightmap is 466Mb download).

==Performance Guidelines:==
* If you got a multi-core CPU, it is almost always better to keep multithread mode on.
* If you got single-core CPU and Orulex feels slow on response or pre-computation takes longer than 10-15 seconds, try turning multithread mode off.
* Reducing polygon count may help if you got an old video card.
* Reducing LevLimit may give a more stable-looking landscape, but dropping quality exponentially.
* If you got FPS jerks on older/single-core PC's, look on texture timings.
TexGen-H defines time slice allocated when there is a lot to generate, TexGen-L defines time slice allocated when there are only small changes, like when you are flying around. Reducing them make Orbiter more responsive and terrain less responsive. Timings are not defined in multithread mode.

==Data Servers List:==
'''Earth'''
* SRTM global Earth terrain
* NASA derived global 30 meters per pixel satellite image mosaic
* NASA derived global 15 meters per pixel satellite image mosaic, donated and processed by I-Cubed using equipment from Isilon Systems.
* USGS Digital Ortho
* USGS Urban Area Ortho
* Pseudo color 15m Landsat mosaic provided by MDA Federal, scenes comprised from early 2000s

'''Moon'''
* Clementine global Moon terrain
* Clementine 40xx
* Clementine 30xx

'''Mars'''
* MOLA global Mars terrain
* Mars THEMIS Color

'''Venus'''
* Magellan Imaging Radar (Color)
* Magellan Imaging Radar (Grey)

==Configuration==
'''Syntax for all config files:'''
* parameter = value
* Any amount of tabs or spaces around = sign.
* // means star of line-comment (all of the line after it is ignored)
* { opens the large comment, } closes the large comment, everything between them is ignored.
* 1 denotes TRUE/ON, 0 denotes FALSE/OFF.
* All other numbers are in metres (unless specified otherwise), in real number format (±1.23±45).


'''Main configuration''' can be found in visosad\orulex.cfg

All pathes are relative to the Orbiter directory.

Global features:

* '''Enabled''' - Enable/disable the system
* '''Debug''' - Enable/disable the debug string
* '''Collisions''' - Collision support on/off
* '''Multithread''' - Multithreaded mode on/off
* '''Reflection''' - Reflection model

Default values for all planets (used if not specified in planet cfg):
* '''MaxPolyCount''' - Maximum polygon count in the terrain should be in 20000-100000 range.
* '''Altlimit''' - Upper limit for terrain drawing.
* '''Blendlimit''' - Lower limit of terrain vanishing (starts at Altlimit-Blendlimit)
* '''Levlimit''' - Terrain level limit
* '''GlobalHMapLimit''' - Global heightmap level limit
* '''PriT''' - Preprocess timeslice
* '''SecT''' - Split/Merge timeslice
* '''TriT''' - TexGen-L timeslice
* '''QuaT''' - TexGen-H timeslice
* '''Configs''' - Configuration path
* '''Textures''' - Textures path
* '''Heightmaps''' - Heightmap path


Planet textures are loaded from Orbiter textures directories, with Orbiter's default prioritites.

Planets configuration can be found in config/terrain/planet_name.cfg


'''In planet_name.cfg'''
The MaxPolyCount, Altlimit, Blendlimit have the same meaning as in name config, but for this planet only.

Terrain settings:
* '''seed''' - The Number, that defines the planet.
* '''radius''' - Radius of mesh. Better be near radius of planet.
* '''function''' - Planet terrain function. Described below.
* '''sbcrater''' - Surface base craters ridge height
* '''microtexture''' - Microtexturing
* '''belowsphere''' - Below sphere terrain
* '''glhmaplevel''' - Max global heightmap level


'''Heightmaps:'''
Defined by adding following string to the planet_name.cfg

'''heightmap=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function|Flag|Use'''

'''height8map=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function|Flag|Use'''

'''heightmaphei=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function|Flag|Use'''

All fields have fixed widths - 40|10|10|10|10|8|1|1|1

First is filename relative to Heightmaps directory, then longitude of start, longitude of end, latitude of start, latitude of end, vertical scale, function, flag, use flag
* '''heightmap''' - Heightmap file is a grayscale BMP with black as 0 and white as vertical scale altitude.
* '''height8map''' - Heightmap file is a grayscale BMP with altitude asn sint8.
* '''heightmaphei''' - Heightmap file is a Orulex HEI.


'''Heightmap functions are:'''
* '''0''' - addition (height-map)
* '''1''' - multiplication (mask-map).
* '''2''' - replacation (plain height-map)
* '''3''' - replacation-truncation (plain height-map with ocean truncated)


'''Colormaps:'''
Defined by adding following string to the planet_name.cfg
'''colormap=Name|Lon of start|Lon of end|Lat of start|Lat of end|Scale|Function'''
All fields have fixed widths - 40|10|10|10|10|8|1|1|1
First is filename relative to Textures or Textures2 directory, then longitude of start, longitude of end, latitude of start, latitude of end, vertical scale, function
Colormap file is either BMP or DDS.


'''Flat spaces:'''
Defined by adding following string to the planet_name.cfg
'''flat=Lon of start Lon of end Lat of start Lat of end'''


'''SURFTILES:'''
Just paste the
BEGIN_SURFTILELIST
END_SURFTILELIST
part of the Orbiter base cfg into Orulex planet cfg, '''removing empty lines'''.
See earth.cfg for example.


'''Predefined terrain functions for randomator:'''
* '''1 1 1 3 6000 perlin''' = dense selenic world
* '''1 1 1 3 10000 perlin''' = selenic world
* '''1 1 1 4 15000 perlin''' = sparse selenic world
* '''1 1 1 3 20000 1000 1 1 1 4 10000 ridge sin * + ridge''' = tightly-ridged world
* '''1 1 1 3 100000 10000 1 1 1 3 100000 ridge sin * + ridge''' = ridge-cratered world
* '''1 1 1 1 10000 ridge cos 0.6- 5*''' = channel-cracked world
* '''1.1 1.1 1.1 3 10000 ridge 1 0 1 1 1 0.4 0 0.2 0 0 1 0.2 1 1 1 3 100000 ridge trim 0.2-2* 9 curv trim*''' = ridged-valleys world

==Functions==
'''Planet functions''' (Function string in config\terrain\planet_name.cfg)

'''Basic ideas:'''
* Planet functions is written in postfix notation.
* In postfix, the sign of operation goes after the operands, so a+b will be ab+.
* It have a significant comprehensive advantage, since there is no ()'s.
* a+((b+f)*c+d/e) will be written as a b f+c*d e/++.
* Functions specified the same way - f(x,y,z+w) is x y z w + f.

'''Terrain function:'''
The terrain is represented by a 3 to 1 function with arguments being the position on the planet and output being the altitude at this position. The concept is similar to the plotting of 1D functions, like sine and cosine - the X axis represents the position, and Y axis represents the altitude:

[[Image:Functions in Orulex 1.jpg|800px|thumb|center|Imagine the same thing in 4D, and that's how it is done in Orulex.]]

'''Terrain Functions:'''
[[Image:Terrain Functions.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''perlin'''(xd,yd,zd,band,scale)]]



Classic perlin noise ground function.

'''xd,yd,zd''' is distortion values for x,y,and z coordinates respectively.

'''band''' is the amount of noise bands to be used - the more of them the
more detailed terrain is, but slower.

'''scale''' is the horizontal scale of the thing. It is roughly equivalent to the
size of the pattern shown in viewer on the actuall planet, i.e. if scale is
10000 then the pattern will be spread across 10 kilometers.

Output is in -1..1 range.





[[Image:Terrain Functions 2.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''ridge'''(xd,yd,zd,band,scale)]]









Ridged perlin noise ground function. Same parameters as above.

Output is in -1..1 range.








[[Image:Terrain Functions 3.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''sealevel'''(f,min)]]







Same as min2('''min,f'''). Returns '''f''' if '''f>=min''' and '''min''' if '''f<min'''.

Useful to truncate below the sphere part of the terrain function into
flat valleys.

Almost always should be removed if planet have ocean.

<-(example with perlin)

If your planet have an ocean, make sure thet the underwater part
of the function is not truncated!




[[Image:Terrain Functions 4.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''sintf'''(xd,yd,zd,scale)]]








Sinusoidal terrain.

'''xd,yd,zd''' is distortion values for x,y,and z coordinates respectively.

'''scale''' is the horizontal scale of the thing.







[[Image:Terrain Functions 5.jpg|200px|thumb|left|'''costf'''(xd,yd,zd,scale)]]










Cosinusoidal terrain.

'''xd,yd,zd''' is distortion values for x,y,and z coordinates respectively.

'''scale''' is the horizontal scale of the thing.








* '''curv'''(n,f,x1,y1,x2,y2,...,x(n-1)/2,y(n-1)/2) - Input/Output curve for f by points of xi,yi, lagrange interpolated. It is a very powerfull tool, allowing to map the inputs to according to specific curve to the output, changing gradients and similar things. The I/O curve is too big a topic for this manual. Example: Callisto


Other operators/functions:
* '''ax,ay,az''' - world coordinates.

* '''+, -, --, *, /, sin, cos, tan, ln, pow, round, trunc, sqr, sqrt max2, max3, min2, min3''' - arithmetics and basic math.

* '''trim'''(f,min,max) - trims f into min<f<max.

==Links==
[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orulex.php Orulex's Homepage by Artlav]

[http://www.orbithangar.com/searchid.php?ID=2686 Download at OrbiterHangar]

[http://www.orbitersim.com/Forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=15133 Orbiter forum thread]

[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/MLVS-WIP-080327.zip MeshLand 2, Collision Detection support for Orulex]

[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/OrulexSDK-allvers.zip Interface SDK (Delta-Glider samples included)]

[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/oru-flight-080321-x264.avi China flying in Gregburch's Swift1 (x264, 21 MB]

[http://orbides.1gb.ru/orbf/oru-flight-080321-xvid.avi China flying in Gregburch's Swift1 (xVid, 31 MB]

[[Category:Add-ons]]
[[Category:Celestial body add-ons]]