Difference between revisions of "Spaceport"
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Latest revision as of 03:39, 16 October 2022
A spaceport or cosmodrome (Russian: космодром) is a site for launching (or receiving) spacecraft, by analogy with seaport for ships or airport for aircraft. The word spaceport, and even more so cosmodrome, has traditionally been used for sites capable of launching spacecraft into orbit around Earth or on interplanetary trajectories. However, rocket launch sites for purely sub-orbital flights are sometimes called spaceports, as in recent years new and proposed sites for suborbital human flights have been frequently referred to or named 'spaceports'.
The term rocket launch site is used for any facility from which rockets are launched. It may contain one or more launch pads or suitable sites to mount a transportable launch pad. It is typically surrounded by a large safety area, often called a rocket range or missile range. The range includes the area over which launched rockets are expected to fly, and within which some components of the rockets may land. Tracking stations are sometimes located in the range to assess the progress of the launches.
Major spaceports often include more than one launch complex, which can be rocket launch sites adapted for different types of launch vehicles. (These sites can be well-separated for safety reasons.) For launch vehicles with liquid propellant, suitable storage facilities and, in some cases, production facilities are necessary. On-site processing facilities for solid propellants are also common.
A spaceport may also include runways for takeoff and landing of aircraft to support spaceport operations, or to enable support of HTHL or HTVL winged launch vehicles.
Spaceports with achieved human or satellite launches[edit]
| Spaceports | ||||
| Operator | Location | Spaceport | Longitude | Latitude |
| Australia | Australia | RAAF Woomera Range Complex | 136°31'56" E | 30°57'19" S |
| China | China | Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center | 100°17'54" E | 40°57'38" N |
| Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center | 111°36'29" E | 38°50'57" N | ||
| Xichang Satellite Launch Center | 102°1'35.6" E | 28°14'45.66" N | ||
| France | Algeria | Hammaguir | 3°2' W | 30°54' N |
| Guiana | Guiana Space Centre (Kourou) | 52°46'25" W | 5°13'20" N | |
| India | India | Satish Dhawan Space Centre | 80°13'49.53" E | 13°43'11.78" N |
| Iran | Iran | Semnan Space Center | 53°55'20" E | 35°14'5" N |
| Israel | Israel | Palmachim Airbase | 34°41'26" E | 31°53'52" N |
| Italy | Kenya | Broglio Space Center and San Marco Platform |
40°12'45" E | 2°56'18" S |
| Japan | Japan | Tanegashima Space Center | 130°58'12" E | 30°24' N |
| Uchinoura Space Center | 131°4'55" E | 31°15'7" N | ||
| North Korea | North Korea | Sohae Satellite Launching Station | 124°42'18" E | 39°39'36" N |
| Russia | Kazakhstan | Baikonur Cosmodrome | 63°18'18" E | 45°57'54" N |
| Russia | Kapustin Yar | 45°43'54 E | 48°40'4" N | |
| Plesetsk Cosmodrome | 40°34'40" E | 62°55'32" N | ||
| Svobodny Cosmodrome | 128° E | 51°42' N | ||
| White Sea | 37°30' E | 65°30' N | ||
| Dombarovsky Air Base (Yasny) | 59°50'32" E | 51°5'38" N | ||
| South Korea | South Korea | Naro Space Center | 127°32'6" E | 34°25'55" N |
| United States | Marshall Islands | Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site (Kwajalein) |
167°44' E | 8°43' N |
| United States | Cape Canaveral Space Force Station | 80°34'40" W | 28°29'20" N | |
| Kennedy Space Center | 80°39'3" W | 28°31'27" N | ||
| Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport | 75°28'41" W | 37°50'36" N | ||
| Odyssey (mobile launch platform) | ||||
| Pacific Spaceport Complex (Kodiak) | 152°20'16" W | 57°26'9" N | ||
| Vandenberg Space Force Base | 120°34'5" W | 34°43'58" N | ||
| Wallops Flight Facility | 75°27'26" W | 37°56'19" N | ||