Difference between revisions of "Halley"

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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:25px 0 0 10px; border:3px solid lightsteelblue;width:250px; font-size:90%; font-family:'Arial','Helvetica'; float: right; clear: right;"Template in Orbiter 2016"
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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:25px 0 0 10px; border:3px solid lightsteelblue;width:250px; font-size:90%; font-family:'Arial','Helvetica'; float: right; clear: right;"Template in Orbiter"
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2" align="center" |Earth
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2" align="center" |Halley
 
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|-
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|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:EarthScrshot.jpg|240px]]
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|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:HalleyScrnshot.jpg|240px]]
 
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|-
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|colspan="2" align="center"|'''Earth in Orbiter 2016'''
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|colspan="2" align="center"|'''Halley in Orbiter 2016 with D3D9 client'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Designation
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Designation
 
|-
 
|-
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|Name||align="right"|Earth
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|Name||align="right"|Halley
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Reference body||align="right" width="30%"|Sun
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|width="30%"|Reference body||align="right" width="30%"|[[Sun]]
−
|-
 
−
|width="30%"|Number of satellites||align="right" width="30%"|1
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary mean orbits
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary mean orbits
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Epoch||align="right" width="50%"|J2000 (1 January 2000)
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|width="30%"|Epoch||align="right" width="50%"|2006
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|1.00000011 AU <br> (1.495978871×10<sup>11</sup> km)
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="30%"|0.01671022
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|0.00005° <br> (0.00000087 radian)
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"|-11.26064° <br> (-0.1965352 radian)
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|102.94719° <br> (1.796767 radian_
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|100.46435° <br> (1.753434 radian)
 
 
|-
 
|-
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary orbital element centennial rates
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|width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|2669601650361.16 m
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|-0.00000005 AU/Century
+
|width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="30%"|0.967449497943645
 
|-
 
|-
−
|width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="50%"|-0.00003804 Century<sup>-1</sup>
+
|width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|162.2922643° <br> (2.83253436266766 radian)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|-46.94 seconds/Century
+
|width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"|58.2997774° <br> (1.01752306877974 radian)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"|-18228.25 seconds/Century
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|width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|169.4792496° <br> (2.95797092009003 radian)
 
|-
 
|-
−
|width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|1198.28 seconds/Century
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|width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|264.6340534° <br> (4.61873554527679 radian)
−
|-
 
−
|width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|129597740.63 seconds/Century
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Selected physical parameters
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Selected physical parameters
 
|-
 
|-
−
|width="30%"|Mean radius||align="right" width="30%"|6371.01 km
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|width="30%"|Mean radius||align="right" width="30%"|5500 km
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Mass||align="right" width="30%"|5.973698968×10<sup>24</sup> kg
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Density||align="right" width="30%"|5.515 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
|width="30%"|Sidereal rotation period||align="right" width="30%"|23.93447 hours
 
−
|-
 
−
|width="30%"|Sidereal orbit period||align="right" width="30%"|0.9999786 years
 
−
|-
 
−
|width="30%"|Magnitude V(1,0)||align="right" width="30%"|-3.86
 
−
|-
 
−
|width="30%"|Geometric albedo||align="right" width="30%"|0.65
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Equatorial gravity||align="right" width="30%"|9.780327 m/s<sup>2</sup>
 
−
|-
 
−
|width="30%"|J coefficients||align="right" width="30%"|1082.6269e-6 -2.51e-6 -1.60e-6 -0.15e-6
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Escape velocity||align="right" width="30%"|11.186 km/s
 
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|SOI radius||align="right" width="30%"|2.6×10<sup>8</sup> m
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|width="30%"|Mass||align="right" width="30%"|1×10<sup>14</sup> kg
 
|-
 
|-
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Rotation elements
 
!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Rotation elements
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|North pole right ascension (α<sub>1</sub>)||align="right" width="30%"|n/a
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|width="30%"|SidRotPeriod||align="right" width="30%"|187200 seconds (52 hours)
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|North pole declination (δ<sub>1<sub>)||align="right" width="30%"|90°
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|width="30%"|SidRotOffset||align="right" width="30%"|0
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Obliqutiy of ecliptic||align="right" width="30%"|23.44°
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|width="30%"|Obliqutiy||align="right" width="30%"|0
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Longitude of Sun's transit||align="right" width="30%"|0°
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|width="30%"|LAN||align="right" width="30%"|0
 
|-
 
|-
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Atmospheric parameters
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|width="30%"|Note||align="right" width="30%"|*Elements given are from Halley.cfg (Halley.zip)
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|-
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|}
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|width="30%"|Surface Pressure||align="right" width="30%"|101.4 kPa
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 +
{{Addon
 +
|1=[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/halleys-comet-nucleus.1491/ Halley's Comet Nucleus]
 +
|2=[[List of add-ons by Nighthawke|Nighthawke]]
 +
|3=2004-11-22
 +
|4=
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
'''Halley's Comet''', also referred to as 1P/Halley, is a short period comet appearing in the skies every 72 to 80 years, last seen in 1986 and the next will be in 2061. Named after [[w:Edmond Halley|Edmond Halley]] who was the first to recognize it as a recurring comet although it has been seen since ancient times.
 +
 
 +
== Halley in Orbiter ==
 +
Halley was introduced to [[Orbiter]] as an add-on in 2004. Since Orbiter was not designed to show a comet's tails, the add-on depicts it as a rugby ball shaped body much like an asteroid.
 +
Halley orbits the [[Sun]] in a very elliptical orbit, moving retrograde to the Sun, unlike the planets which move prograde, or counter-clockwise looking from the north of the [[Solar System]]. [[periapsis|Periapsis]] takes Halley to between the orbits of [[Mercury]] and [[Venus]], and at [[apoapsis]] it is beyond that of [[Neptune]].
 +
 
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Note that when landed on Halley near the apoapsis, Halley provides only about 1% of the total gravity, the other 99% by the Sun, but, near apoapsis, Halley provides 98% of the gravity, the Sun, only about 2%. It may be difficult to stay landed near Halley's periapsis. The sphere of influence near apoapsis is about 37 km from the center, and near periapsis, the SOI is right about the surface.
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 +
It can be difficult to visit Halley as when it is near apoapsis, Halley is traveling at about 900 m/s, but it's 35 AU from the Sun. Near Periapsis, it's about 0.5 AU from the Sun, but it's traveling almost 55000 m/s.
 +
 
 +
It should also be noted that when landing on Halley that the visual surfaces are well below the hard radius (5500 meters), which is not visible, so instrument landing with HUD in surface is recommended.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Surface Density||align="right" width="30%"|1.217 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
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|colspan="8"|<center>'''Add-ons which include Halley'''</center>
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Scale height||align="right" width="30%"|8.5 km
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!Add-on!!Source!!Version!!Author!!Type!!Release Date!!Compatibility!!Wiki article
 
|-
 
|-
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|width="30%"|Average temperature||align="right" width="30%"|288 K
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/halleys-comet-nucleus.1491/ Halley's Comet Nucleus]||O-F Resources||2004-11-22||Nighthawke||Scenery||22 November 2004||||
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|-
 
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|width="30%"|Wind speeds||align="right" width="30%"|0-100 m/s
 
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|-
 
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Ecliptic position from primary*
 
−
|-
 
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|width="30%"|Note||align="right" width="30%"|*Elements given are from Orbiter.pdf (2016)
 
 
|}
 
|}
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'''Earth''' is the third planet from the [[Sun]] and is the only body known to harbor life. Earth is one of the four 'rocky' planets the other three being [[Mercury]], [[Venus]], and [[Mars]]. The only natural satellite orbiting Earth is the [[Moon]].
 
  
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The Earth is close to an oblate spheroid, but, in Orbiter it's modeled as a sphere.
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== See also ==
 +
[[w:Halley's Comet|Halley's Comet]] at [[w:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]]
 +
 
 +
== Gallery ==
 +
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
 +
Lspn comet halley.jpg|<center>Comet 1P/Halley as it appeared from Earth on 8 March 1986</center>
 +
Comet Halley close up-cropped.jpg|<center>The nucleus of Halley as seen by the [[w:Giotto (spacecraft)|Giotto]] spacecraft in 1986</center>
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Halley's Comet animation.gif|<center>Animation of Halley's orbit<br>The outermost planet is Neptune</center>
 +
Animation of 1P／Halley orbit - 1986 apparition.gif|<center>Orbiter path of Halley during the 1986 apparition as compared to Earth</center>
 +
</gallery>
  
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==Earth in Orbiter==
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{{SolarSystem}}
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The Earth is one of the original twelve bodies modeled in Orbiter beginning with Orbiter 2001. In 2001, the orbital characteristics were defined in the Earth.cfg file, but all versions after that, the orbit was defined in the Vsop87.dll file in the Modules folder. Physical, Rotation and precession, Atmospheric, Cloud, Visualisation parameters are defined in the Earth.cfg file.
 
  
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Orbiter 2001 included only three surface bases, but Orbiter 2002 expanded the list to 35.
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[[Category:Articles]]
 +
[[Category:Celestial bodies]]
 +
[[Category:Comets]]

Revision as of 11:53, 1 August 2024

Halley
HalleyScrnshot.jpg
Halley in Orbiter 2016 with D3D9 client
Designation
Name Halley
Reference body Sun
Planetary mean orbits
Epoch 2006
Semimajor axis (a) 2669601650361.16 m
Eccentricity (e) 0.967449497943645
Inclination (i) 162.2922643°
(2.83253436266766 radian)
Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊) 58.2997774°
(1.01752306877974 radian)
Longitude of periapsis (ϖ) 169.4792496°
(2.95797092009003 radian)
Mean longitude (L) 264.6340534°
(4.61873554527679 radian)
Selected physical parameters
Mean radius 5500 km
Mass 1×1014 kg
Rotation elements
SidRotPeriod 187200 seconds (52 hours)
SidRotOffset 0
Obliqutiy 0
LAN 0
Note *Elements given are from Halley.cfg (Halley.zip)

Project home: Halley's Comet Nucleus
Author: Nighthawke
Current version: 2004-11-22
Compatibility:


Halley's Comet, also referred to as 1P/Halley, is a short period comet appearing in the skies every 72 to 80 years, last seen in 1986 and the next will be in 2061. Named after Edmond Halley who was the first to recognize it as a recurring comet although it has been seen since ancient times.

Halley in Orbiter

Halley was introduced to Orbiter as an add-on in 2004. Since Orbiter was not designed to show a comet's tails, the add-on depicts it as a rugby ball shaped body much like an asteroid. Halley orbits the Sun in a very elliptical orbit, moving retrograde to the Sun, unlike the planets which move prograde, or counter-clockwise looking from the north of the Solar System. Periapsis takes Halley to between the orbits of Mercury and Venus, and at apoapsis it is beyond that of Neptune.

Note that when landed on Halley near the apoapsis, Halley provides only about 1% of the total gravity, the other 99% by the Sun, but, near apoapsis, Halley provides 98% of the gravity, the Sun, only about 2%. It may be difficult to stay landed near Halley's periapsis. The sphere of influence near apoapsis is about 37 km from the center, and near periapsis, the SOI is right about the surface.

It can be difficult to visit Halley as when it is near apoapsis, Halley is traveling at about 900 m/s, but it's 35 AU from the Sun. Near Periapsis, it's about 0.5 AU from the Sun, but it's traveling almost 55000 m/s.

It should also be noted that when landing on Halley that the visual surfaces are well below the hard radius (5500 meters), which is not visible, so instrument landing with HUD in surface is recommended.

Add-ons which include Halley
Add-on Source Version Author Type Release Date Compatibility Wiki article
Halley's Comet Nucleus O-F Resources 2004-11-22 Nighthawke Scenery 22 November 2004

See also

Halley's Comet at Wikipedia

Gallery

  • Comet 1P/Halley as it appeared from Earth on 8 March 1986
  • The nucleus of Halley as seen by the Giotto spacecraft in 1986
  • Animation of Halley's orbit
    The outermost planet is Neptune
  • Orbiter path of Halley during the 1986 apparition as compared to Earth
edit The Solar System
Central star

Sun (Sol)

Planets

Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune

Natural satellites

Moon - Phobos - Deimos - Io - Europa - Ganymede - Titan - more...

Add-ons

Planets - Dwarf Planets - Small objects - Natural satellites - Alternative star systems

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