Difference between revisions of "Ganymede"

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{| cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="margin:25px 0 0 10px; border:3px solid lightsteelblue;width:250px; font-size:90%; font-family:'Arial','Helvetica'; float: right; clear: right;"Template in Orbiter"
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2" align="center" |Ganymede
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Additional parameters for this template are available at [[Template:Infobox Planet]].
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|colspan="2" align="center"|[[Image:GanymedeScrshot.jpg|240px]]
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{{Infobox Planet
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|colspan="2" align="center"|'''Ganymede in Orbiter 2016 with D3D9 client'''
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| name              = Ganymede
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|-
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| image              = [[Image:Ganymede_g1_true.jpg|250px|True color image taken by the Galileo probe]]
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Designation
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| caption            = Click image for description
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|-
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| bgcolour          = #a0ffa0
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|Name||align="right"|Ganymede
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| discovery          = yes
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|-
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| discoverer        = [[Galileo Galilei|G. Galilei]]<br/>[[Simon Marius|S. Marius]]
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|width="30%"|Reference body||align="right" width="30%"|Jupiter
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| discovered        = [[January 11]], [[1610]]
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|-
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| mean_orbit_radius  = 1,070,400 [[Kilometer|km]] (0.007155 [[Astronomical unit|AU]])
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Planetary mean orbits
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| eccentricity      = 0.0011
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|-
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| periapsis          = 1,069,200 km (0.007147 AU)
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|width="30%"|Epoch||align="right" width="50%"| 1979.12391832712 (14 February 1979 061605 UTC)
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| apoapsis          = 1,071,600 km (0.007163 AU)
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|-
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| period            = 7.15455296 [[Day|d]] (0.019588 [[Year|a]])
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|width="30%"|Semimajor axis (a)||align="right" width="50%"|1070615470.44541m
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| orbital_circ      = 6,725,500 km (0.045 AU)
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|-
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| max_speed          = 10.892 km/s
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|width="30%"|Eccentricity (e)||align="right" width="30%"|0.00158762974782861
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| avg_speed          = 10.880 km/s
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|-
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| min_speed          = 10.868 km/s
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|width="30%"|Inclination (i)||align="right" width="30%"|2.0381662° <br> (0.0355727108921961 radian)
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| inclination        = 2.21° (to the [[ecliptic]])<br/>0.20° to Jupiter's equator)
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|-
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| satellite_of      = [[Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]]
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|width="30%"|Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)||align="right" width="30%"| 341.6959921°<br> (5.96372010319795 radian)
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| physical_characteristics = yes
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|-
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| mean_radius        = [[1 E6 m|2631.2]] km (0.413 Earths)
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|width="30%"|Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)||align="right" width="30%"|621.291691° <br> (10.8435856237659 radian)
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| surface_area      = [[1 E13 m²|87.0 million]] [[Square kilometre|km²]] (0.171 Earths) <ref name=surfacearea>Using the mean radius</ref>
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|-
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| volume            = 7.6{{e|10}} [[Cubic kilometer|km³]] (0.0704 Earths)
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|width="30%"|Mean longitude (L)||align="right" width="30%"|668.815276° <br> (11.6730286546742 radian)
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| mass              = 1.4819{{e|23}} [[Kilogram|kg]] (0.025 Earths)
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|-
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| density            = 1.942 [[Gram|g]]/[[Cubic centimeter|cm³]]
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Selected physical parameters
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| surface_grav      = 1.428 [[Acceleration|m/s<sup>2</sup>]] (0.146 ''[[Acceleration due to gravity|g]]'')
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|-
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| escape_velocity    = 2.741 km/s  (6,130 mph)
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|width="30%"|Mean radius||align="right" width="30%"|2634000 km
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| rotation          = [[Synchronous rotation|synchronous]]
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|-
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| axial_tilt        = zero
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|width="30%"|Mass||align="right" width="30%"|1.48×10<sup>23</sup> kg
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| albedo            = 0.43
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|-
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| magnitude          = 4.6
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!bgcolor="lightsteelblue" colspan="2"|Rotation elements
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| single_temperature = ~109 [[Kelvin|K]] (&minus;172°C)
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|-
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| atmosphere        = yes
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|width="30%"|SidRotPeriod||align="right" width="30%"|618192 seconds (7.155 days)
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| surface_pressure  = trace
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|-
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| atmosphere_composition = 100% [[oxygen]]
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|width="30%"|SidRotOffset||align="right" width="30%"|0
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}}
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|-
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'''Ganymede''' ''(gan'-ə-meed,'' {{IPA2|ˈgænəmid}}; Greek ''Γανυμήδης)'' is [[Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]]'s largest [[natural satellite|moon]], and the [[Solar system by size|largest]] moon in the entire [[solar system]]; it is larger in diameter than [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]] but only about half its mass. Ganymede is one of four planetary satellites of Jupiter which can be seen with the naked eye — with good eyesight and a clear night (without the pollution haze of cities). Our Moon is the only other moon we can see, unaided, in our solar system.
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|width="30%"|Obliqutiy||align="right" width="30%"|0
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|width="30%"|LAN||align="right" width="30%"|0
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|width="30%"|Note||align="right" width="30%"|*Elements given are from Ganymede.cfg (Voyager1Jupiter.zip)
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|}
  
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It may have been discovered by [[China|Chinese]] [[astronomer]] [[Gan De]] in 364 BC. However, discovery of the moon is generally credited to [[Galileo Galilei]] who documented its existence in 1610. The name Ganymede was soon after suggested by [[Simon Marius]], for the cup-bearer of the [[Greek mythology|Greek gods]], beloved of [[Zeus]] (see [[Ganymede (mythology)]]).  This name and the names of the other Galilean satellites fell into disfavor for a considerable time, and were not revived in common use until the mid-20th century. In much of the earlier astronomical literature, it is simply referred to by its Roman numeral designation as '''Jupiter III''' or as the "third satellite of Jupiter". Ganymede is the only Galilean moon of Jupiter named after a male figure.
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'''Ganymede''' is one of [[Jupiter|Jupiter's]] four [[Galilean Moons]], the third from Jupiter. It is also the largest Natural Satellite in the Solar System and its diameter is larger than Mercury's by about 8%. Its orbit is in a 1:2:4 resonance with [[Io]] and [[Europa]].
  
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==Physical characteristics==
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== Ganymede in Orbiter ==
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[[Image:PIA00519 Interior of Ganymede.jpg|left|thumb|120px|Interior of Ganymede]]
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Ganymede was introduced to [[Orbiter]] in the Orbiter 2002 release. It is modeled as a sphere 2634 km in radius.
  
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===Internal structure===
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{|class="wikitable sortable” style="text-align: center"
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Ganymede is composed of [[silicate]] rock and [[water]] [[ice]], with an ice crust floating over a warmer ice [[mantle (geology)|mantle]] that may contain a layer of liquid water.  Indications from the ''[[Galileo spacecraft|Galileo]]'' orbiter data suggest that Ganymede is differentiated into a three layer structure: a small partially molten [[iron]] or iron/[[sulfur]] core surrounded by a rocky silicate mantle with an icy shell on top. This metallic core suggests a greater degree of heating at some time in Ganymede's past than had previously been proposed. In fact, Ganymede may be similar in its internal structure to [[Io (moon)|Io]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
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|colspan="8"|<center>'''Orbiter versions and add-ons which include Ganymede'''</center>
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[[Image:Ganymede terrain.jpg|thumb|left|120px|The sharp boundary between the dark [[Nicholson Regio]] and the bright [[Harpagia Sulcus]]]]
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===Surface features===
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!Add-on!!Source!!Version!!Author!!Type!!Release Date!!Compatibility!!Wiki article
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The Ganymedean surface is a mix of two types of terrain: very old, highly cratered dark regions and somewhat younger (but still ancient) lighter regions marked with an extensive array of grooves and ridges. Their origin is clearly of a [[Tectonics|tectonic]] nature, probably formed by the extension, stretching, and faulting of the icy crust. Analogous tectonic features form the ridges and valleys in the [[Basin and Range]] province of the southwestern United States.  Features reminiscent of old [[lava]] flows have also been observed.  Similar ridge and groove terrain is seen on [[Enceladus (moon)|Enceladus]], [[Miranda (moon)|Miranda]] and [[Ariel (moon)|Ariel]]. The dark regions are similar to the surface of [[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]].
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/orbiter-2006-p1.5430/ Orbiter 2006-P1]||O-F Resources||060929||martins||Orbiter Download||29 September 2006||Orbiter 2006-P1||
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Extensive [[Impact crater|crater]]ing is seen on both types of terrain. The density of cratering indicates an age of 4 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] years for the dark terrain, similar to the highlands of the [[Moon]], and a somewhat younger age for the bright grooved terrain (but how much younger is uncertain). Craters both overlay and are cross cut by the groove systems indicating that some of the grooves are quite ancient. Relatively young craters with rays of ejecta are also visible.<small><ref name="Ganymede">{{cite web | last =Lunar and Planetary Institute  | title =Ganymede | date =1997 | url =http://www.lpi.usra.edu/resources/outerp/gany.html}}</ref></small> Unlike on the Moon, however, Ganymedean craters are quite flat, lacking the ring mountains and central depressions common to craters on the Moon and Mercury. This is probably due to the relatively weak nature of Ganymede's icy crust which can flow and thereby soften the relief. Ancient craters whose relief has disappeared leaving only a "ghost" of a crater are known as [[Palimpsest#Alternate usage|palimpsest]]s.
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/orbiter-2006.5431/ Orbiter 2006]||O-F Resources||060504||martins||Orbiter Download||4 May 2006||Orbiter 2006||
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The largest feature on Ganymede is a dark plain named [[Galileo Regio]], as well as a series of concentric grooves, or furrows, that are remnants of an ancient impact crater long since obscured by subsequent geological activity.
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|[https://library.avsim.net/esearch.php?DLID=&Name=&FileName=outerplanets-050329_update.zip&Author=&CatID=root The Outer Planets 050329 Update]||AVSIM||050329||Rolf Keibel<br>Tony Dunn<br>Carl Romanik||Scenery||30 March 2005||||
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===Atmosphere===
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In the mid-1980s, a team of Indian and American astronomers working at Indonesia's Lembang Observatory detected a thin atmosphere around Ganymede during an [[occultation]] when Jupiter passed in front of a star. Evidence for a tenuous [[oxygen]] atmosphere on Ganymede, very similar to the one found on [[Europa (moon)|Europa]], has been found by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]].<small><ref name="nineplanets.org-Ganymede">{{cite web| last =nineplanets.org | title =Ganymede page | date = Oct 31, 1997  | url =http://www.nineplanets.org/ganymede.html }}</ref></small> Note that this is not necessarily evidence of life: it is thought that the oxygen is produced when water ice on Ganymede's surface is split into [[hydrogen]] and oxygen by radiation and then the hydrogen is lost due to its low atomic mass.
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/the-outer-planets-050223-update.2483/ The Outer Planets 050223 Update]||O-F Resources||2005-02-23||VF2_Rolf||Scenery||23 February 2005||||
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===Magnetosphere===
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|[https://library.avsim.net/esearch.php?DLID=&Name=&FileName=outerplanets-050125.zip&Author=&CatID=root The Outer Planets 050125]||AVSIM||050125||Rolf Keibel<br>Tony Dunn||Scenery||26 January 2005||Orbiter 2005-P1||
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The ''Galileo'' orbiter's first flyby of Ganymede discovered that Ganymede has its own magnetic field, embedded inside Jupiter's huge field. Ganymede is the only moon known to have a [[magnetosphere]].<small><ref name="nineplanets.org-Ganymede">{{cite web| last = nineplanets.org | title =Ganymede page | date = Oct 31, 1997  | url =http://www.nineplanets.org/ganymede.html }}</ref></small>  Ganymede's intrinsic magnetic field is probably generated in a similar fashion to the Earth's: as a result of conducting material moving in the interior, likely originating in its metallic core. Ganymede also has an induced magnetic field component, indicating that the satellite contains a subsurface layer that acts as a conductor. It is thought that this conductive material is a layer of liquid water containing [[salt]], located at about 150 km depth and sandwiched between layers of different density forms of ice.
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|-
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/2005-with-p1-patch-files.5432/ 2005 (with P1 patch files)]||O-F Resources||050216||martins||Orbiter Download||16 February 2005||Orbiter 2005||
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===Possibility of Life===
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It has been suggested that Ganymede may be amenable to life{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. While temperatures are extremely low, and there is no atmosphere, it does have its own magnetic field that might protect life from harmful radiation, and it lies in a relatively quiet radio zone around Jupiter (unlike e.g. Europa). Amateurs have suggested that features difficult to explain by known geologic processes appear to rise above or to spread over the ground and cast shadows on it{{Fact|date=February 2007}}. Spectral measurements have indicated the presence of organic "tholin" molecules, especially towards the limb {{Fact|date=February 2007}}.
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/voyager-to-jupiter-jupiter-moons-enhancement-pac.4947/ Voyager to Jupiter / Jupiter moons enhancement pac]||O-F Resources||2004-08-29||BigJimW||Scenery||30 August 2004||||
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==Ganymede in fiction==
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/orbiter-2003-p2.5433/ Orbiter 2003-P2]||O-F Resources||031217||martins||Orbiter Download||17 December 2003||Orbiter 2003-P2||
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{{main|Jupiter's moons in fiction}}
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|-
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/orbiter-2003-p1.5434/ Orbiter 2003-P1]||O-F Resources||031105||martins||Orbiter Download||5 November 2003||Orbiter 2003-P1|
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|[https://www.orbiter-forum.com/resources/orbiter-2002.5436/ Orbiter 2002]||O-F Resources||020419||martins||Orbiter Download||19 April 2002||Orbiter 2002||
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|}
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
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* [[List of craters on Ganymede]]
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[[w:Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]] at [[w:Wikipedia|Wikipedia]].
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* The [[asteroid]] [[1036 Ganymed]]
 
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* [[Colonization of the outer solar system#Ganymede|Colonization of Ganymede]]
 
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==References==
 
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<div class="references-small">
 
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<references />
 
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</div>
 
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==External links==
 
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*[http://www.nineplanets.org/ganymede.html Ganymede page] on ''The <strike>Nine</strike>8 Planets''
 
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*[http://www.solarviews.com/eng/ganymede.htm Jupiter's Moon Ganymede] on ''Views of the Solar System''
 
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<div style="clear: both; margin-top: 2em; text-align: center;">''... | [[Europa (moon)|Europa]] | '''Ganymede''' | [[Callisto (moon)|Callisto]] | ...''</div>
 
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{{Natural satellites of the Solar System (compact)}}
 
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== Gallery ==
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<gallery widths="100" heights="100">
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GanymedeOrbiter2002.jpg|<center>Ganymede in Orbiter 2002</center>
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Ganymede-orbiter2002p3.jpg|<center>Ganymede in Orbiter 2002P3</center>
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Ganymede-Orbiter2003P2.jpg|<center>Ganymede in Orbiter 2003P2</center>
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Ganymede-Voyager1Jupiterzip-Orbiter2003P2.jpg|<center>Ganymede from ''voyager1jupiter.zip'' in Orbiter 2003P2</center>
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Ganymede-Orbiter2005P1.jpg|<center>Ganymede in Orbiter 2005P1</center>
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Ganymede-outerplanets050125zip-Orbiter2005P1.jpg|<center>Ganymede from ''outerplanets050125.zip'' in Orbiter 2005P1</center>
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Ganymede-Orbiter2006P1.jpg|<center>Ganymede in Orbiter 2006P1</center>
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Ganymede - Perijove 34 Composite.png|<center>Ganymede as seen by the [[w:Juno (spacecraft)|Juno]] spacecraft in 2021</center>
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Galilean moon Laplace resonance animation 2.gif|<center>Animation of three inner Galilean moons showing orbital resonance</center>
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</gallery>
  
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Revision as of 13:18, 8 October 2024

Ganymede
GanymedeScrshot.jpg
Ganymede in Orbiter 2016 with D3D9 client
Designation
Name Ganymede
Reference body Jupiter
Planetary mean orbits
Epoch 1979.12391832712 (14 February 1979 061605 UTC)
Semimajor axis (a) 1070615470.44541m
Eccentricity (e) 0.00158762974782861
Inclination (i) 2.0381662°
(0.0355727108921961 radian)
Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊) 341.6959921°
(5.96372010319795 radian)
Longitude of periapsis (ϖ) 621.291691°
(10.8435856237659 radian)
Mean longitude (L) 668.815276°
(11.6730286546742 radian)
Selected physical parameters
Mean radius 2634000 km
Mass 1.48×1023 kg
Rotation elements
SidRotPeriod 618192 seconds (7.155 days)
SidRotOffset 0
Obliqutiy 0
LAN 0
Note *Elements given are from Ganymede.cfg (Voyager1Jupiter.zip)

Ganymede is one of Jupiter's four Galilean Moons, the third from Jupiter. It is also the largest Natural Satellite in the Solar System and its diameter is larger than Mercury's by about 8%. Its orbit is in a 1:2:4 resonance with Io and Europa.

Ganymede in Orbiter

Ganymede was introduced to Orbiter in the Orbiter 2002 release. It is modeled as a sphere 2634 km in radius.

Orbiter versions and add-ons which include Ganymede
Add-on Source Version Author Type Release Date Compatibility Wiki article
Orbiter 2006-P1 O-F Resources 060929 martins Orbiter Download 29 September 2006 Orbiter 2006-P1
Orbiter 2006 O-F Resources 060504 martins Orbiter Download 4 May 2006 Orbiter 2006
The Outer Planets 050329 Update AVSIM 050329 Rolf Keibel
Tony Dunn
Carl Romanik		 Scenery 30 March 2005
The Outer Planets 050223 Update O-F Resources 2005-02-23 VF2_Rolf Scenery 23 February 2005
The Outer Planets 050125 AVSIM 050125 Rolf Keibel
Tony Dunn		 Scenery 26 January 2005 Orbiter 2005-P1
2005 (with P1 patch files) O-F Resources 050216 martins Orbiter Download 16 February 2005 Orbiter 2005
Voyager to Jupiter / Jupiter moons enhancement pac O-F Resources 2004-08-29 BigJimW Scenery 30 August 2004
Orbiter 2003-P2 O-F Resources 031217 martins Orbiter Download 17 December 2003 Orbiter 2003-P2
Orbiter 2003-P1 O-F Resources 031105 martins Orbiter Download 5 November 2003
Orbiter 2002 O-F Resources 020419 martins Orbiter Download 19 April 2002 Orbiter 2002

See also

Ganymede at Wikipedia.

Gallery

  • Ganymede in Orbiter 2002
  • Ganymede in Orbiter 2002P3
  • Ganymede in Orbiter 2003P2
  • Ganymede from voyager1jupiter.zip in Orbiter 2003P2
  • Ganymede in Orbiter 2005P1
  • Ganymede from outerplanets050125.zip in Orbiter 2005P1
  • Ganymede in Orbiter 2006P1
  • Ganymede as seen by the Juno spacecraft in 2021
  • Animation of three inner Galilean moons showing orbital resonance
Jupiter's natural satellites

edit

Named Satellites:

Adrastea | Aitne | Amalthea | Ananke | Aoede | Arche | Autonoe | Callirrhoe | Callisto | Carme | Carpo | Chaldene | Cyllene | Dia | Eirene | Elara | Erinome | Ersa | Euanthe | Eukelade | Eupheme | Euporie | Europa | Eurydome | Ganymede | Harpalyke | Hegemone | Helike | Hermippe | Herse | Himalia | Io | Iocaste | Isonoe | Kale | Kallichore | Kalyke | Kore | Leda | Lysithea | Megaclite | Metis | Mneme | Orthosie | Pandia | Pasiphae | Pasithee | Philophrosyne | Praxidike | Sinope | Sponde | Taygete | Thebe | Thelxinoe | Themisto | Thyone | Valetudo

Numbered Satellites:

S/2003 J 2 | S/2003 J 4 | S/2003 J 9 | S/2003 J 10 | S/2003 J 12 | S/2003 J 16 | S/2003 J 18 | S/2003 J 19 | S/2003 J 23 | S/2003 J 24 |S/2010 J 1 | S/2010 J 2 | S/2011 J 1 | S/2011 J 2 S/2011 J 3 | S/2016 J 1 | S/2016 J 3 | S/2016 J 4 | S/2017 J 1 | S/2017 J 2 | S/2017 J 3 | S/2017 J 5 | S/2017 J 6 | S/2017 J 7 | S/2017 J 8 | S/2017 J 9 | S/2018 J 2 |S/2018 J 3 | S/2018 J 4 | S/2021 J 1 S/2021 J 2 | S/2021 J 3 | S/2021 J 4 | S/2021 J 5 | S/2021 J 6 | S/2022 J 1 | S/2022 J 2 | S/2022 J 3

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