Earth

Earth
Earth in Orbiter 2016 with D3D9
Designation
Name	Earth
Reference body	Sun
Number of satellites	1
Planetary mean orbits
Epoch	J2000 (1 January 2000)
Semimajor axis (a)	1.00000011 AU (1.495978871×1011 km)
Eccentricity (e)	0.01671022
Inclination (i)	0.00005° (0.00000087 radian)
Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)	-11.26064° (-0.1965352 radian)
Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)	102.94719° (1.796767 radian_
Mean longitude (L)	100.46435° (1.753434 radian)
Planetary orbital element centennial rates
Semimajor axis (a)	-0.00000005 AU/Century
Eccentricity (e)	-0.00003804 Century-1
Inclination (i)	-46.94 seconds/Century
Longitude of the ascending node (LAN, ☊)	-18228.25 seconds/Century
Longitude of periapsis (ϖ)	1198.28 seconds/Century
Mean longitude (L)	129597740.63 seconds/Century
Selected physical parameters
Mean radius	6371.01 km
Mass	5.973698968×1024 kg
Density	5.515 g/cm3
Sidereal rotation period	23.93447 hours
Sidereal orbit period	0.9999786 years
Magnitude V(1,0)	-3.86
Geometric albedo	0.65
Equatorial gravity	9.780327 m/s2
J coefficients	1082.6269e-6 -2.51e-6 -1.60e-6 -0.15e-6
Escape velocity	11.186 km/s
SOI radius	2.6×108 m
Rotation elements
North pole right ascension (α1)	n/a
North pole declination (δ1)	90°
Obliqutiy of ecliptic	23.44°
Longitude of Sun's transit	0°
Atmospheric parameters
Surface Pressure	101.4 kPa
Surface Density	1.217 kg/m3
Scale height	8.5 km
Average temperature	288 K
Wind speeds	0-100 m/s
Ecliptic position from primary*
Note	*Elements given are from Orbiter.pdf (2016)

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and is the only body known to have life. It is one of the four 'rocky' planets, the others are Mercury, Venus, and Mars. The Moon is the only natural satellite orbiting the earth.

The Earth is close to an oblate spheroid, but, in Orbiter it's modeled as a sphere, its mean diameter is 6371.01 km, but gravitational calculations include the J coefficients given in the table to the right. The sidereal day is 86164.092 seconds, the obliquity is 23.439291°.

Earth is one of the twelve original bodies in Orbiter since the earliest known version. Its orbit was defined in the Earth.cfg file in Orbiter 2001 and Orbiter 2002, but was later defined in the Vsop87.dll file beginning with Orbiter 2002-P1.

Orbital characteristics

Earth is the third planet from the Sun, after Mercury and Venus, with a semimajor axis in Orbiter of about 1.49598×10¹¹ km, and an orbital eccentricity of about 0.0167, and an inclination of 0.00005° (0.00000087 radian).

Physical characteristics

The Earth is modeled in Orbiter as a sphere 6371.01 km in radius with a mass of about 5.974×10²⁴ kg. The Sidereal rotation period is just under 24 hours. At the surface the acceleration due to gravity is 9.78 m/s^{2</sup, and the Escape velocity|escape velocity]] is 11.186 km/s.}

Geological features

In Orbiter 2016, Earth is modeled as a sphere with elevations approximating the elevations on the real Earth, including sea level. Included in the stock version are files for Antartic Stations, Cities, Impact Features Islands, Mountains and volcanos, Tracking Stations, and some miscellaneous features. Files are located in your Orbiter\Config\Earth\Marker directory.

Natural satellites

• Moon

Spaceports

The stock Orbiter includes 35 bases, some of which include details such as runways, landing pads, buildings, etc, some only include a marker to depict its location.

See Listing of Earth spaceports in Orbiter2016

Orbiter versions and add-ons which include Earth

Orbiter versions and add-ons which include Earth
Add-on	Source	Version	Author	Type	Release Date	Compatibility	Wiki article
2005 (with P1 patch files)	O-F Resources	050216	martins	Orbiter Download	16 February 2005	Orbiter 2005
Orbiter 2003-P2	O-F Resources	031217	martins	Orbiter Download	17 December 2003	Orbiter 2003-P2
Orbiter 2003-P1	O-F Resources	031105	martins	Orbiter Download	5 November 2003
Orbiter 2002	O-F Resources	020419	martins	Orbiter Download	19 April 2002	Orbiter 2002
Orbiter 2001	O-F Resources	010503	martins	Orbiter Download	3 May 2001	Orbiter 2001

See also

• Spaceport, a listing of spaceports on the real Earth used to launch rockets and spacecraft.
• Earth spaceports in Orbiter2016
• Category:Addons for Earth
• Earth at Wikipedia

External links

Earth at Wikipedia

Gallery

• 

  Earth in Orbiter 2001
• 

  Earth in Orbiter 2002
• 

  Earth in Orbiter 2002P3
• 

  Earth in Orbiter 2003P2
• 

  The Earth seen from Apollo 17.
  From Wikimedia Commons.
• 

  Rotation of the Earth at 23.4°
  From Wikimedia Commons

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