TKS
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Later its hull formed the skeleton of the russian space station modules Cosmos 1686 for Salyut 7, Kvant, Kvant 2, Kristall, Piroda for Mir and the FGB of the ISS. It was also used as the service module for the titanic Polyus satellite.
Dimensions
| Launch weight | about 19,000 kg |
|---|---|
| Length | 17.51 m |
| Diameter | 4.15 m |
| Span across solar arrays | 16 m |
| Number of main engines | 2 |
| Main engine thrust (each) | 400 kg |
| Habitable volume | about 60 m³ |
| Number of crew | 3 |
| Capsule diameter | 305 cm |
| Capsule height | 206 cm |
Configuration
The TKS consists of two parts, the FGB and the Merkur capsule. The Merkur capsule is an apollo like reentry vessel with a base diameter of 3m and a long slender nose containing deorbit engines, RCS and parachutes. The Merkur is attached at the aft end of the FGB. Its was entered from the FGB by a hatch through the heatshield. The heatshield was not ablative, which made the spacecraft reuseable.
The FGB consists of a large diameter section on the front, which contains the control systems and a docking port. Directly above the docking ports are two windows which allowed the crew to control the docking or manually dock to a station. behind the large diameter section is the small diameter with only 2.9 m diameter, which contained most of the cargo.
It has two solar panels, and two main engines on the small diameter section. The TKS could remain docked to a station for months, providing it with attitude control, orbit reboosts, additional volume and power from its solar arrays. The small diameter section can be surrounded by up to 16 propellant tanks.
It got launched by a three stage Proton launcher
Flight history
| December 15, 1976 | Kosmos 881 and Kosmos 882 | Test flight for two Merkur capsules, launched with a single Proton. |
| July 17, 1977 | Kosmos 929 | First test of the complete TKS spacecraft. |
| August 4, 1977 | Launch failure | Launch failure during a Merkur test. Top Capsule got rescued by the SAS. |
| March 30, 1978 | Kosmos 997 and Kosmos 998 | Merkur dual launch test |
| May 22, 1979 | Kosmos 1100 and Kosmos 1101 | Merkur dual launch test |
| April 25, 1981 | Kosmos 1267 | Docked with Salyut 6 and deorbited it later. |
| March 2,1983 | Kosmos 1443 | Docked with Salyut 7. Merkur capsule solid at Sotheby's for $552,500. |